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Summary (TL;DR)
The article contends that Lee Harvey Oswald was not the sole assassin of President Kennedy, arguing the Warren Commission conclusions were false and that a conspiracy existed, involving at least three gunmen firing six shots. It cites photographic evidence, including the Zapruder film, and the physical reactions of Kennedy and Connally to support this. Also discusses the Miami police tape, Oswald's FBI tip, a radio communicator, staged evidence, and the need for computerized analysis of over 510 photographs. The author asserts over 50 people were involved and more than 50 witnesses died mysteriously.
Part 1. Introduction
Who Assassinated President Kennedy?
On November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, President John F. Kennedy, while riding in an open limousine through Dealey Plaza and waving to the surrounding crowds, was shot to death.
Lee Harvey Oswald, an ex-Marine, and former visitor to the Soviet Union, was arrested that afternoon in a movie theatre in another section of Dallas; that night he was charged with shooting President Kennedy from the sixth floor easternmost window of the Texas School Book Depository Building overlooking Dealey Plaza. This act Oswald denied steadily through two days of questioning (no record of questions and answers was ever preserved). Two days later while Oswald was being transferred from one jail to another, he was shot by Jack Ruby, a Dallas night-club owner, in the basement of the Dallas police station, while millions of Americans watched on television. The commission of investigation, appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren of the U. S. Supreme Court, published its report in September 1964, and concluded that Oswald was the sole assassin and that there was no conspiracy.
In view of the authority of the Warren Commission, that conclusion was accepted by many Americans for a long time. But the conclusion cannot be considered true by any person who carefully considers the crucial evidence — such as the physics of the shooting, the timing of a number of events, and other important and undeniable facts. In other words, Oswald was not the sole assassin, and there was a conspiracy.
This article will develop that thesis, prove it to be true on the basis of substantial, conclusive evidence, and in particular some analysis of the photographic evidence.
There was in fact a conspiracy, Oswald played a role in the conspiracy, although there is conclusive evidence that on November 22, 1963, he did no shooting at President Kennedy, and that, just as he claimed when he was in the Dallas jail, he was a "patsy." At least three gunmen (and probably four) — none of whom were in the sixth floor easternmost window of the Texas School Book Depository building where the Warren Commission placed Oswald — fired a total of six shots at President Kennedy.
One of these shots missed entirely; one hit Governor John B. Connally, Jr. of Texas, riding with Kennedy; and four hit President Kennedy, one in his throat, one in his back, and two in his head. (The bulk of the undeniable evidence for these statements about the shots consists of: (a) the physics of the motions of Kennedy and Connally shown in some 60 frames of the famous film by Abraham Zapruder; (b) the locations of the injuries in Kennedy and in Connally; and (c) more than 100 pictures, consisting of more than 30 still photographs and more than 70 frames of movies.)
More than 50 persons were involved in the conspiracy at the time of firing the shots. These persons included members of the Dallas police force (but not all of the Dallas police — and that accounts for some strange events), elements of the Central Intelligence Agency, some anti-Castro Cuban exiles, some adventurers from New Orleans, and some other groups. After the assassination, some very highly placed persons in the United States government became accessories to the crime. In other words, they participated in assiduous concealment of important facts, in shielding the perpetrators of the crime, and in spreading a thick layer of rewritten history (in the manner of George Orwell's famous novel "1984") over the whole crime.
Of course, asserting these statements makes them neither true nor believable. Without very strong evidence, it would be evil to make such statements. As to believability, prior to District Attorney Jim Garrison's trial of Clay Shaw in New Orleans in Feb. and March, 1969, public opinion polls in the United States showed that over 75 percent of the people in the United States believed that there was a conspiracy. The press, radio, and TV almost everywhere in the United States reported Garrison's investigation and the New Orleans trial in a very distorted way. Furthermore, Garrison did not prove to the satisfaction of the New Orleans jury that Clay Shaw was involved in the conspiracy, even though he proved that Shaw knew and met Oswald. The news media of the United States (except for two newspapers in New Orleans) reported the trial in such a way as to show that no conspiracy existed. The media largely succeeded in changing U.S. public opinion, if we judge from the falling off of the poll percentages.
But the United States' media have been proved wrong many times before, and they will be proved wrong again in this case. For example, the press of the United States almost entirely refused to believe for five years (1903 to 1908) that the Wright brothers had flown in a flying machine heavier than air. Only after the Wright brothers had won spectacular air races and demonstrated other successful flights in France, did the majority of the "hardheaded" American press believe that the Wright brothers had flown!
But the evidence cited or referred to in this article, and the existing photographic evidence and its analysis, a little of which is published here, establishes the fact of conspiracy. This evidence along with other evidence should and can initiate a major change in the beliefs of the people of the United States. As for beliefs of the people of Europe, it has long been and still is accepted there that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by a conspiracy.
What is the Evidence?
The evidence for the statement — "the Warren Commission conclusions are false" — is now overwhelming.
There now exists not only a mountain of new evidence, but also considerable new analysis of the old evidence, the evidence which the Commission itself published in the 26 volumes of Evidence and Hearings accompanying the Warren Report. Much of the new evidence and the new analyses of the old evidence are available for any serious researcher's inspection; if any such person is interested, he should write me.
There are four prime sources of new evidence and analysis:
- Researchers all over the United States, some affiliated with the National Committee to Investigate Assassinations (NCTIA), others acting independently but cooperating with the NCTIA, have obtained new evidence from witnesses, and even from conspirators — including admissions and confessions.
2. The new evidence includes new photographic evidence, some of which is reproduced or described in this article.
3. Researchers have produced scientific, solidly-based analyses of the old and new evidence and published these analyses in books and articles.
4. The office of District Attorney Jim Garrison in New Orleans has, under his direction, carried on (and continues to carry on) an extensive investigation of President Kennedy's assassination. Much of this evidence has been made available to the NCTIA.
This article concentrates on some of the photographic evidence and problems of computerized analysis. However, for the benefit of readers who would like to examine some of the other evidence, a few very important and interesting references will be mentioned next.
Four Important Reference Books
One valuable book is Six Seconds in Dallas, by Professor Josiah Thompson, a professor of philosophy at Haverford College, Haverford, Pa., published in 1968 by Bernard Geis and Associates, New York, 323 pages. Thompson made a thorough and competent analysis of the happenings during the six seconds when President Kennedy and Governor Connally of Texas were shot. With the cooperation of Life magazine during the first part of his investigation, he looked at the clear original of the Zapruder film. (After that, Life magazine locked the film up and denied any further access, until Garrison subpoenaed the film for the New Orleans trial of Clay Shaw.) Thompson showed that at least three gunmen shot at the President, and that one of the fatal shots came from the front and not the back.
Another impeccably scholarly book is Accessories after the Fact, by Sylvia Meagher, published in 1967 by Bobbs Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 477 pages. She presents a most thorough analysis of the gaps, conflicts, contradictions, and failures to investigate, that are clearly revealed by careful study of the Warren Commission Report and the 26 volumes of supporting documents.
A third important book is Inquest: the Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth, by Edward Jay Epstein, published by the Viking Press, New York, N.Y., 1966, 224 pp. Epstein makes a pregnant remark at the beginning of his Chapter 9, "The major problem in the writing of the Report was the selection of the evidence. From the tens of thousands of pages of evidence, which facts were to be included and which facts excluded?" This book is an illuminating account of what actually did happen in the work of the staff of the Warren Commission, and why and how they could have reached the wrong conclusions.
A fourth significant book is Farewell America, by James Hepburn, published in Canada and in Belgium by Frontiers Publishing Co., Vaduz, Liechtenstein, 1968, 418 pp. (One cannot be sued in Liechtenstein.) This book is apparently based largely on information collected by certain former members of the French intelligence service, who penetrated the plot to assassinate President Kennedy. According to the book jacket, the author, James Hepburn, attended the London School of Economics and later graduated from the Institute of Political Studies in Paris. (However, "Hepburn" is a pseudonym.) The book gives a large amount of information about the plot to assassinate Kennedy, its background, and parallels in history. The book alleges that J. Edgar Hoover knew of the plot beforehand and did nothing to stop it. It also alleges that a Texas oil millionaire, some other oil men, some Texas and Californian rightists, leaders of the Dallas city government, many members of the Dallas Police Department, and many members of the CIA, the FBI, and the Secret Service, all were involved in the plot. I do not agree with nor believe some of these allegations.
Appendix 1 of this book lists many "classified" documents in the National Archives of the United States, such as no. 931, a secret CIA document entitled "Oswald's access to information about the U-2" (the spy plane). Appendix 2 lists more references, entitled "reports, memoranda, and documents" such as "Dossier Richard M. Helms", "General Dynamics Dossier F 111" — but how to get access to these references is nowhere mentioned. Pages 308 to 324 contain a remarkable account of twenty years' activity by the CIA. Much of the information in the book is clearly true; other information is probable or plausible; some information is clearly in the category "possible but hard to believe" and by no means proved.
For reasons that may be guessed, this book is very hard to obtain in the United States but it can be bought in other countries. Although it has Library of Congress catalog no. 6868-57391, at the Library of Congress it is "not available". Commercial importation of the book has been blocked by the U.S. Customs and the U.S. Post Office. A movie with the same title has been made by the publishers of the book; the movie, "Farewell America", has been shown in several European cities, but no copies of the film are so far available in the United States.
A number of important reference books are included in the partial bibliography at the end of this article. Among the more important authors are Harold Weisberg, Paris Flammonde, Mark Lane, Rosemary James, Joachim Joesten, and Raymond Marcus. A fuller bibliography is available from the NCTIA.
The New Orleans Trial of Clay Shaw
One of the largest additional installments of new public evidence came out of three weeks of court testimony given in New Orleans, Feb. and March, 1969, when District Attorney Jim Garrison charged Clay Shaw with having a part in the conspiracy to assassinate President Kennedy.
The trial was accurately and very fully reported in The Times Picayune, Feb. 7, 1969 to March 2, 1969, the leading daily paper in New Orleans, published since 1847. The record of the trial as published in The Times Picayune contains many indications that:
- Clay Shaw did know and meet with Lee Harvey Oswald (dead), David Ferrie (dead), and Jack Ruby (dead), and exchange money with them. Twelve witnesses saw them together in twos and threes, at various times and places.
- There were at least three gunmen in Dealey Plaza firing at President Kennedy on November 22, 1963, from at least two directions, and therefore there was a conspiracy.
What Garrison failed to prove to the satisfaction of the New Orleans jury was that Clay Shaw was involved in the conspiracy in Dallas.
The Miami Police Tape
Among the pieces of new public evidence is the "Miami Police Tape." In September 1963, President John F. Kennedy gave a speech in Miami, Florida. Prior to this time a Miami police informer who had infiltrated the National States Rights Party interviewed one of its chieftains, a Mr. Milteer, in a hotel room in Miami. Unknown to Milteer the room had been bugged by the Miami police and the interview was taped. The informer drew Milteer out on
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the subject of assassinations. Milteer said that Jack Kennedy was going to be assassinated either in Miami or in some other city by individuals who were connected with right wing groups including the Min- ute Men and the National States Rights Party. He said it would be done with a high-power rifle from a high point in a city building and that a patsy would be picked up by the police afterwards. He said a man using the name Brown was the most likely one to do it. He added that Brown had been follow- ing Martin Luther King around the country for several months trying to assassinate him too.
The Miami police turned the information over to the FBI, who informed the Miami police that they had turned it over to the Secret Service.
Kennedy was well protected in Miami and exposed himself as little as possible, apparently partly as a result of the Secret Service receiving the infor- mation.
On the morning of November 22, 1963, Milteer tele- phoned the informer to say that Jack Kennedy was coming that day to Dallas, and would probably never be seen in Miami again. The informer interpreted this to mean that Kennedy would be shot in Dallas, and says that he reported this information to the Miami police. The Miami police in turn reported the information to the Miami office of the FBI.
After the assassination, the Miami police as- sumed that either the FBI or the Secret Service were following up on these leads. So the Miami po- lice remained silent. When District Attorney Jim Garrison contacted them in late 1966, prior to pub- lic announcement of his investigation, the Miami po- lice learned of Garrison's evidence about a conspir- acy. They became very disturbed, and then decided in January 1967 to make the tape public. (Garri- son's investigation did not become public until February 1967.) The Miami tape was played for a group of newsmen in the Miami police headquarters in January 1967. Stories about the tape appeared in several newspapers, but not in The New York Times, nor in other leading newspapers, in spite of the importance of the story.
The FBI and the Secret Service had all the above information from the Miami police prior to the forma- tion of the Warren Commission. Yet none of the a- bove information appears in the Warren Commission Report, in the 26 accompanying volumes, or in the Warren Commission archives which have been made public.
Oswald's Message to the FBI
Among other evidence collected by Garrison (and confirmed by Mark Lane) is the fact that Oswald tele- phoned the Dallas, Texas, office of the FBI on No- vember 20, 1963, and told them that President Ken- nedy was going to be assassinated on November 22. An FBI teletype message was sent that day to J. Edgar Hoover with that information. A repeat teletype message with that information was also sent on that day to the New Orleans office of the FBI, apparently because of Oswald's former presence in New Orleans. A clerk in the New Orleans office of the FBI re- vealed the existence of the teletype message, and gave a deposition to that effect to Garrison. He also revealed the existence of that teletype mes- sage to Attorney Mark Lane after Garrison's inves- tigation was made public. No statement about this message appears in the Warren Commission Report, in the twenty-six accompanying volumes, or in the Warren Commission Archives.
The Radio Communicator
One of the interesting events prior to the trial of Clay Shaw in 1969 was the finding of a man named Jim Hicks. He showed up voluntarily in Garrison's office. Garrison and one of the researchers, Jones Harris, suddenly realized that they had seen his picture before, as one of the persons in Dealey Plaza near the time of the fatal shooting (See Fig. 11). Hicks admitted that he was the radio com- municator among the rifle teams since they were out of sight from each other, and of course each team would need to know what was going on. Jim Hicks had set up a communications center at the Adolphus Hotel prior to the assassination. The photograph Harris had seen is a picture of Jim Hicks in Dealey Plaza just after the shots, with his radio in his left rear trouser pocket and anten- na hanging down outside. (See the foreground of Figure 11.)
Since the time of his admissions, Jim Hicks has been locked up in an Air Force Hospital for the insane located in Oklahoma.
Strange Events
In the Warren Commission's activities, there are many strange events, extraordinary patterns of behavior, and important unanswered questions to which the Warren Commission paid almost no atten- tion. There are more than 50 instances of these strange events — where the Warren Commission did not look, or looked aside, as if they were trying not to see. Among these are the following:
- Crucial records were burned or destroyed. For example, Commander J. J. Humes, chief autopsy surgeon, personally burned in his fireplace on Nov. 24, 1963 his preliminary draft of the autopsy report. The Warren Commission accepted this action as natural.
- Crucial physical evidence was destroyed, as in (a) washing of Governor Connally's bul- let-penetrated clothing, before it was ex- amined by the Commission's staff, and (b) the prompt rebuilding of the presidential limousine, so that it could no longer be examined for bullet marks; etc. The Warren Commission accepted these actions without questioning.
- The Warren Commission did not examine the autopsy X-rays and photographs of President Kennedy. In fact, the photographs were not even developed until two years after President Kennedy's death. The Kennedy family and Burke Marshall, their lawyer, assisted in locking them up.
- The Warren Commission accepted the sudden appearance of a pristine bullet (Commis- sion Exhibit 399) fitting Oswald's gun, on the wrong stretcher in Parkland Hospital, and the Commission assumed that it "fell" out of Governor Connally.
- The Warren Commission (in an admitted error) published Zapruder frames 314 and 15 in reversed order, so that the motion of JFK's head after the fatal shot was reversed.
- The Warren Commission ignored the visible and violent, backward motion of President Kennedy's head shown in the Zapruder film at the instant of the fatal shot — a mo- tion that conclusively shows that the Presi- dent was fatally shot from the front.
- The Warren Commission failed to investigate many possible motives for shooting President Kennedy, and who would profit thereby. Etc.
Perhaps the strangest of all the events are some events that took place after the Warren Commission made their report:
- President Lyndon B. Johnson issued an execu- tive order locking up in the Archives of
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Chief Justice Earl Warren has steadily refused to consider any new evidence. As recently as 1969 he told newsmen, "I know of no new evidence, and have seen no new evidence." It is a fact that such new evidence exists in large quantities. This strange attitude may be coupled with Warren's steady silence in response to letters.
No scientist, no honest man, ever refuses to look at new evidence. The kind of action which locks away old evidence, and refuses to look at new evidence, is not the kind of action of honest scientists and honest men.
Basically, the Warren Commission picked up the Dallas police hypothesis, that Lee Harvey Oswald was the sole assassin and there was no conspiracy. Once they chose this hypothesis (and they chose it very early), they assiduously tried to confirm it, partly by selecting evidence, partly by suppressing information which they knew, and partly by altering evidence to the opposite — in other words, falsifying evidence. Their candidate for assassination vehemently denied (for two days before being killed by Jack Ruby) participating in or knowing about the assassination of President Kennedy. He also positively stated that he had been made a patsy, a fall guy. He also said that the photograph of him holding a rifle was a fake, saying, "That's my head but not my body." (That photograph is demonstrably a fake.)
Over 50,000 items of evidence exist which support and mutually confirm a contrasting hypothesis. This hypothesis is that there was a conspiracy, and that at least four persons shot at President Kennedy, and that more than 50 persons were involved in the conspiracy. In fact, about 6 persons who participated in the conspiracy have admitted their participation and described what happened in their own involvement. All of these items of evidence collected confirm the information in all of the photographs, and are very largely consistent. I do not allege that the CIA, the Secret Service, Lyndon B. Johnson, and certain other prominent individuals participated in the conspiracy before the assassination occurred.
I do assert that these individuals and agencies, after the assassination occurred, participated in covering up and concealing the conspiracy and thereby became accessories after the fact. The evidence referred to is available under appropriate circumstances to an untainted Congressional investigation.
Part 2. The Photographic Evidence
Over 510 Photographs
The assassination of President John F. Kennedy was the most photographed murder in history. Approximately 75 photographers took a total of approximately 510 photographs, either before or during or within an hour after the events in Dealey Plaza, and either there or nearby or related to those events. The word "photograph" in this context includes both still photos and movie sequences. The number of frames in a movie sequence ranges from about 10 to about 500; and in the count of 510 photographs given above, the 10 to 500 frames of a single movie sequence are counted just as one photograph. The total number of frames is over 25,000.
The Warren Commission examined 26 photographs, about 5 percent of the 510. The FBI examined about 50 photographs, or about 10 percent. The most famous of all the photographs is the Zapruder film, which had over 400 frames.
Many of the photographs were taken by professional photographers. About 3/4 of the photographers were professionals who worked for newspapers, television networks, and photographic agencies.
The Warren Commission did not interview a single one of the professional photographers, nor did the Warren Commission see any of their photographs.
Fifteen of these professionals were actually in the Kennedy motorcade, no further than 6 car lengths behind the Kennedy car. Five of these photographers were television network cameramen. The Warren Commission looked at none of their photographs.
Two of the photographers were from the White House. One of these men (Thomas Atkins) was the regular photographer for the White House. He made a special film for Lyndon B. Johnson. Atkins used his own film plus some footage obtained from the television photographers. Johnson looked at the film and then put it away. This film is now stored with the Kennedy Memorial Library materials in a warehouse in Washington, D.C.; it is stated to be "unavailable" to researchers. The Commission did not see this film, nor did they interview Atkins.
Because the professionals used movie cameras of professional quality, their films are exceedingly revealing and valuable as primary evidence. The Warren Commission looked at none of these films.
During the past several years, I have collected copies of over 200 of these photographs, and I have looked at and taken notes on another 200 of these photographs, without obtaining copies of them. Some of the remaining 100 have either not been found or have been locked up or destroyed by the owners, who are fearful of the information they show, or they have been locked up by the FBI, who have either placed them in files inaccessible to the public or possibly have destroyed them. (See Table 2.)
Chart 2 of this article shows the times of about 50 of the photographs taken in Dealey Plaza during Kennedy's passage through it.
Table 3 of this article lists over 510 photographs so far identified and known to exist or to have existed — with possibly a few borderline cases.
Most of the "official" photographs of the Warren Commission, or of the FBI, or of the Dallas Police, which are in the Warren Commission Report or in the 26 volumes of the Warren Commission's Evidence and Hearings, are not included in the list of Table 3, because such photographs were taken more than one hour after the shots were fired.
The 6th Floor Easternmost Window
According to the Warren report, Oswald was supposed to have fired a rifle from the 6th floor easternmost window of the Texas School Book Depository Building. (See Chart 1) Among the photographs there are several that show this window. Accompanying this article are copies of two photographs, one showing this window exactly 5.7 seconds before the first shot and one showing this window exactly 3.5 seconds after the last shot. (See Figs. 6 and 7) The first photograph (Table 3, No. 8) was taken by photographer Hughes, and shows the window with only a box appearing in it. The second (Table 3, No. 121) was taken by photographer Dillard and shows the window with only the box in it. There is a photograph taken by Norman Similas taken during the shooting which is now in the possession of the FBI (see Tables 2 and 3, No. 494). A possible reason for the FBI not to reveal or display this photograph is that it was taken between the first and the last shot.
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shots, and shows the window empty except for the box.
Oswald and his rifle are not in this window — which would be complete proof that he was not there. Norman Similas, and also an editor of Liberty magazine in Canada, saw this photo, however, and both state that the window was empty.
Even without the availability of the Similas photo, the other two pictures destroy the Warren Commission's findings and the testimony of their key witnesses. The witnesses, notably Howard Brennan, said that the assassin was leaning out of the window and poking the rifle well out of the window both before and after the shots were fired.
The Warren Commission offers other evidence. The evidence consists of: three bullet casings "found" on the floor near that window; the three boxes arranged in the window to look like a gun rest; and the bullet (Commission Exhibit 399) which supposedly passed through both Kennedy and Connally. All this evidence can be demonstrated to be faked.
Photographs coupled with testimony prove that the Dallas authorities altered the "sixth floor TSBD" evidence. The alterations were as follows:
The original setting up of the bullet casings was too obviously faked. Sheriff Roger Craig arrived on the scene first and saw the three casings, side by side, neatly pointing in the same direction, just inches apart. By the time the "official" police photographer, Mr. Studebaker (who in reality was an amateur photographer with only two months experience), took pictures of them, the casings had been scattered around the floor by some member of the police force.
Similarly, the original position of the boxes making up the so-called "gun rest", was so obviously inadequate, that the police moved them to look a lot more like a gun rest. Jack Beers, Dallas Morning News photographer, took photos of the boxes at 4 pm while they were still in their original position. This fact is confirmed by several photos taken at the time of the shots from outside the building showing the corner of the topmost box stacked three high.
By the time Studebaker took photos of the boxes, used as Exhibits by the Warren Commission, it was after dark, and the boxes had been rearranged so that they were only two deep, with the third one moved onto the window sill. Checking the position of the corner of this box as it would appear from the outside of the building, shows that it is in a quite different east-west lateral location than the corner actually showed itself to be in the photos taken at 12:30 pm to 1 pm. (Dillard, Hughes, Beers, Weaver, Willis, Murray).
The net result of all this evidence collectively is the following proved conclusion: No one fired any shots on November 22, 1963 between noon and one pm from the sixth floor easternmost window of the TSBD.
The Zapruder Movie
Of all the photographs taken in Dealey Plaza on that fateful day, the color movie sequence of some 400 frames taken by Abraham Zapruder is the most important. It shows from the right hand side of the motorcade the entire sequence of events, from President Kennedy rounding the curve from Houston St. into Elm St., through all the shooting, until the big presidential limousine left with the dead president going under the triple overpass off to Parkland Hospital. This film almost by itself, with careful, scientific analysis, establishes the times of five of the shots.
The Warren Commission received the original of the Zapruder film to look at, on loan from Life magazine, which bought it from Zapruder.
From that time on, the film was never publicly shown, but remained in the locked files of Life. But a direct copy of the original was subpoenaed and shown NINE times by Assistant District Attorney Alvin Oser in New Orleans in February 1969, at the trial of Clay Shaw. The judge, the jury, the newspaper reporters, and the spectators in the courtroom all became convinced that Oser and Garrison had demonstrated a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy.
When one sees and studies in detail the Zapruder film in its clear version and examines the other photographs showing the effects of the shots, one becomes convinced of two statements:
- There were six shots, of which five hit persons in the Kennedy car; of these five the first went through the throat of President Kennedy; the second struck Kennedy in the back; the third struck Governor Connally in the right shoulder; the fourth and fifth struck President Kennedy nearly simultaneously in the head and blew out his brains. The remaining shot missed and struck a curbstone on Main St.
- The last of the five shots (coming from the grassy knoll area), and one of the two fatal shots, struck Kennedy from the front and to the right, hurling his head to the left and backwards with great force, in accordance with the laws of physics. (For a scientific analysis, see Six Seconds in Dallas.)
Either one of these statements renders impossible the Warren Commission Report's conclusion, that only three shots were fired, the second one missing entirely and striking the curb of Main St.
Obviously, if there was a conspiracy, it becomes vitally necessary to prevent the American people from seeing the Zapruder film, clear and complete, and especially in motion. For over six years, except in New Orleans, this has been achieved. However, currently, bootleg copies of the Zapruder film are on sale here and there in the United States at prices ranging from $10 to $50, available for private and illegal showings, since Life magazine owns the original and has never given permission for copies of the film to be sold. Many of these bootleg copies, because of lack of clarity, do not demonstrate the first statement; but they do demonstrate convincingly the second statement, the backward thrust of President Kennedy's head at the time of the fatal shot.
Life magazine would be able to earn millions of dollars from showing the Zapruder film. In three days of showing the Zapruder film, uncut, clear, and not tampered with, on national television, every person in the United States who watched television could see for himself that more than three shots were fired (which makes the Warren Commission conclusions nonsense) and could see that the fatal shot thrust Kennedy's head backwards with great force (proving that he was hit from the front, and not the back, which also makes the Warren Commission conclusions nonsense). Although the Warren Commission report was silent on this last point, some defenders have tried to explain away the backward motion by conjecturing a speedup in the car's motion causing a "snap backward". The Zapruder film by itself shows this is not true. One can clearly see that the car does not speed up at the time, and that Mrs. Kennedy's head does not snap at all.
Other explanations have been offered, such as a whiplash motion, caused by Kennedy's neck brace, or a reverse explosion as the bullet from the rear exited Kennedy's head in front. Josiah Thompson's analysis in Six Seconds in Dallas, proves beyond a
Other Activities at the Time of the Shots
The photographs taken at the time of the shots (see Chart 2) show many other significant and important activities. Coupled with the testimony of photographers and other witnesses, the photos prove the Warren Commission wrong on several other points.
To describe all of these points in detail requires more space than is here available. But the following list summarizes these activities and conclusions (see also Chart 1 for timing and direction of shots).
- The first shot, fired by man #1 from behind the fence on the grassy knoll, hit Kennedy in the throat at Z109 (Z numbers in the text and on the Map refer to frames of the Zapruder Film, about 1/18 second apart. The Z numbers on the map show the location of Kennedy in each Zapruder frame).
- The second shot, fired by man #6 from the second floor window of the Dal Tex Building, struck Kennedy in the back at Z226.
- The third shot, fired by man #20 from the Texas School Book Depository (TSBD) hit Connally in the back at Z230.
- The fourth shot fired by man #26 from the Dal Tex Building struck the curb on the south side of Main St. at about Z205.
- The fifth shot fired by man #8 from the TSBD hit Kennedy in the head at Z312+.
- The sixth shot fired by man #5 from the grassy knoll hit Kennedy in the head at Z313.
- Man #22 "created" a parent diversion (as it turned out, the diversion was not needed) and then ran back beyond the position of man #1 and jumped over the fence.
- The timing of the first shot established to be Z199, was such that the view of Kennedy from the sixth floor easternmost window of the TSBD, was completely obscured by a large oak tree. (See on Chart 2, Allen's sequence of photos.)
- A man who looked very like Oswald ran down the grassy knoll ten minutes after the shots were fired and drove away down Elm St. with a Latin-appearing man in a light-colored station wagon with a luggage rack. To someone not familiar with all of the millions of details of the Kennedy assassination, this seems unrelated. However, other evidence indicates the man may have been an anti-Castro adventurer impersonating Oswald, and that the Latin may have been another of the anti-Castro Cubans.
Men Who Ran Away
Many photographs were taken within an hour after the shots, which show that certain men on the grassy knoll ran away after the firing, and these photographs show how they ran away.
For example, several photographs (Table 3, Nos. 3, 29, and 52) show a certain man, who has been labeled for the present as Man #5. He is apparently the man who fired the fatal shot, shot No. 6. His position has been shown on the map in parentheses. The photos show that he escaped by means of a white car, which had been previously parked just a few feet from his position.
This subject has been investigated at length by the researchers, but the investigation has not been finished. It may be that the investigation cannot be adequately concluded until computerized analysis of the information in the photographs (see Part 3) has progressed much further.
The photos also show where and how men #2, 3 & 4 ran away after the shots.
The "Tramps" and the "Phoney Policeman"
Approximately a half hour after the shots were fired, Sergeant D. V. Harkness of the Dallas Police was instructed by Inspector Sawyer of the Dallas Police (in command of Dealey Plaza police activities after the assassination) to go back to the railroad tracks (see Map and Fig. 3) and stop a freight train which was being moved out and search it. (The approximate time is established by the angles of the shadows in the photographs, by the testimony of Sergeant Harkness to the Warren Commission, Vol. 6, p. 312, and by the timing of Wm. Allen's sequence of photos.)
Sergeant Harkness says he arrested some "tramps" or "hoboes" whom he found in one of the box cars in the railroad area. He says he took them to the station and does not say what station he meant. However, Sheriff Elkins said that a policeman brought three "tramps" into the Sheriff's office. (See map and Fig. 1.)
The route that Harkness would naturally take if freight cars were located in the area where the "tramps" were found — to the north and west of the grassy knoll area — is exactly the route portrayed in the series of four photographs (Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5). In Figs. 2, 4 and 5, two policemen can be seen escorting three "tramps" eastward from the direction of the railroad yards along the Elm Street extension in front of the TSBD. They turn south in front of the TSBD (Fig. 4) and proceed down Houston St. to the Sheriff's office. The vehicle entrance to the office is located at the center of the block on the west side of Houston St. between Elm St. and Main St. The entrance is directly in front of the five men as they proceed toward it in Fig. 5.
Why is this significant? First, there is no record at all of the arrest of these men — there is no record of their official booking nor of their release, even though Sheriff Elkins testified that he turned them over to Captain Will Fritz of the Dallas Police in the police station. Furthermore, there is no record in the Dallas police force of the "phoney" policeman at the right in Fig. 2. He is wearing non-regulation shoes or possibly rubbers; and in his right ear is either a radio communications device or a hearing aid.
Sergeant Harkness and Sheriff Elkins both indicate there was no other policeman with Harkness when he arrested the "tramps" and when he turned them over to Elkins.
Other information indicates that one or more of these "tramps" were members of right wing groups and were actually included among the gunmen who shot or shot at President Kennedy. If any reader of this article notices any person resembling any one of the "tramps" or the "phoney" policeman, it would be useful for him to send information to me. (Text continued on page 350)
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970
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37
COMPUTERS end AUTOMATION for May, 1970
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These four pictures of the "Tramps" and various policemen were taken by George Smith and William Allen (see Table 3, Nos. 195, 197, 251 and 252). Sergeant Harkness appears in Figures 2, 4 and 5 (at the left in Figures 2 and 4, and in the front in Figure 5). The "Phoney" Policeman also appears in these same three figures (at the right in Figure 2, and at the rear in Figures 4 and 5). There is no record of this man being a member of the Dallas Police Force. He is the only Dallas policeman of those appearing in the hundreds of photographs taken Nov. 22 who is wearing an earpiece or radio communication device in his right ear (see Figure 2). Why? He is the only one who is wearing rubbers. Why? His pistol handle appears to be different from Harkness’ pistol. Why? It would be interesting to discover this man's identity, and ask him some questions.
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can be seen at the lower left of the Stemmons Freeway sign. Man 22 the lower left of the Stemmons Freeway sign, and Man =2 can again b can be seen behind the wall to the left of that sign. dbe seen at the left of tħat sign.
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1. Arens an the Chart.
2. Person Names.
one location to another,
persons with the same last name,
3. Numbers.
The spatial chart is divided into square
areas 20 feet by 20 feet, each labeled by a letter A to K from top
to bottom (I is omitted) and a number 1 to 15 from left to right.
Locations on the chart are specified by these letter and number la-
bels, indicated on the borders of the map.
The name of a person in the following index refers
to the location of such persons, either in one place if he stayed
there for the whole time, or in more than one place if he moved from
A plural person name refers to two or more
A number following the name of a person refers to the
Table 1
INDEX AND GUIDE TO LOCATION OF PERSONS AND
SIGNIFICANT OBJECTS IN THE SPATIAL CHART OF DEALEY PLAZA
(See Chart 3, pages 40 and 49)
5.
film (or roll) number of a still photograph, or the frame number of
a movie sequence taken by such person.
standing in area D 7.
4. Motorcade.
The leading portion of the motorcade including Presi-
dent J. F. Kennedy is shown diagrammatically 7 to 8 seconds before
Numbers preceded by Z refer
to frame numbers of the color movie film taken by Abraham Zapruder
Note.
vestigation.
the first shot.
St. and Main St.
The motorcade is arranged in sequence along Houston
All these cars, of course, were moving and there-
fore occupied different positions at later times.
sive locations shown for later positions of the motorcade are the
locations of President Kennedy's head in the lead car,
locations are marked by a sequence of dots along Elm St.
cations were carefully determined by the FBI; they are identified
by the frame numbers of the color movie film taken by Abraham Zapru-
der; these locations were used by the Warren Commission in their in-
Successive frames were 1/10 second apart.
The only successe
These head
These loca
The information shown in the diagram of the motorcade
(C-J 14, J 15) is not repeated in this index.
The information shown in the legend (A-E 1-4) is not repeated in
this index.
Much of the geographic information (such as locations of trees,
white traffic lines, yellow marks on curbs, etc.) is not repeated
in this index.
| Person or Object | Location | Person or Object | Location | Person or Object | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altgens 2, 3 | J 12-13 | Kennedy behind "the" | D 10-12 | Newman 1 | E 8 |
| Altgens 6 (at Z 255) | F 8 | oak tree, from Z 161 | Nix 1, 2a | K 12 | |
| Altgens 7? (at Z 46) | G 8 | .to Z 207 | Nix 2B | J 10 | |
| Kennedy at: | Oswald's alleged window | A 3 | |||
| "Babushka Lady" (who took | F 6 | Z 133 | c 1 | ||
| an entire movie of the | Z 161 | D 11 | parking area and railroad | B-E 4-5 | |
| motorcade from the op- | Z 169 (throat shot) | D 10 | |||
| posite side from Zapruder) | Z 226 (back shot) | puff of smoke (shown in | 9 E 7 | ||
| Bell 1, 2 | H | Z 238 | E 9 | photos) | |
| Bell 3 | H 1 | Z 255 | railroad yard and parking | B-E 4-5 | |
| Betzner 1 | E 13 | Z 265 | area | ||
| Betzner 2 | C 13 | Z 312 (head shot) | F e | ||
| Betzner 3 | C 12 | Z 313 (2nd head shot) | scale in feet | K 8-9 | |
| Bond, 1 to 3 | G 13 | Z 360 | Shots, sources of: | ||
| Bond, 4 to 9 | G 11 | Z 400 | G 6 | 1st | E 5 |
| Brehm(?) | F 9 | Z 433 | H 5 | 2nd | A 5 |
| Brennan | D 2-3 | Z 465 | H 3 | 3rd | A 1 |
| bullet mark(s) on curb | J 3, H 6 | Z 485 | H 1 | 4th | A 15 |
| 5th | A 1 | ||||
| knoll, grassy | G 2 to C 9? | 6th | D 6 | ||
| Commerce St. | K 1-6 | 2, | i | ||
| compass directions | J 8 | Main St. | J 1-5 | ||
| Connally, Gov. J. B. | E 9 | Man # e.. | Sitzman | D 7 | |
| back shot (at Z 238) | men whose names have | smoke, puff of (shown in | E 7 | ||
| not been determined | 9 photos) | ||||
| Dallas County Criminal | F-H 15 | Man 21, source of 1st | D 5 | Stemmons Freeway sign | F 8 |
| Courts Bldg. | shot at Z 189 | ||||
| Dallas County Records Bldg. | C-E 15 | Man 22 | E 7 | Tague (who was hit in the | K 3 |
| Dallas County Sheriff's | H 15 | Man 23 | E 7 | face by a fragment of | |
| Office | Man 24 | E 7 | a shot) | ||
| Dal-Tex Bldg. | A 15 | Man #5, source of 5th shot | D 6 | Texas School Book Deposi- | A 10-13 |
| Dillard 1 | C 2-3 | at Z 313 | tory Bldg. at 411 Elm | ||
| Dorman, Mrs. | All | Man 26, off map in Dal-Tex |
NOTES FOR FIGURE 10, PAGES 44 AND 45
An excellent example of the many things that can be learned even from a single photograph, is provided by Figure 10. This photograph was taken by a professional Associated Press photographer, James Altgens (Table 3, No. 57). This photograph was used by the Warren Commission as Yarborough Exhibit A, Vol. XXI, pages 701-782. However, the Warren Commission said it did not point out very much of the pertinent information contained in the photograph.
President Kennedy (#1) appears in the limousine partially hidden by the rear view mirror. Three shots have already struck him and Governor Connally by the time this photograph was taken. The exact timing of the photograph is established by the position of the left front tire of the limousine with respect to the white road stripe on Elm St. (#2)
By comparing this position with the corresponding positions of the limousine as the limousine appears in the Zapruder film, it has been determined that this photo was snapped at exactly the same instant as Zapruder's frame 255.
Since shots were fired at Z109, Z226, Z230 and Z23113, the Altgens photo was exposed 66 Zapruder frames after the first shot (3.6 seconds) and 58 frames before the last shot (3.2 secs).
In view of the fact that only 3.6 seconds had elapsed following the first shot, it is not surprising that very few people in the picture show signs of realizing that anything has happened. Note the smiling faces and applauding hands along the curbs.
Some of the Secret Service men reacted slowly. The two men on the right-hand running board of JFK's followup car (#3) obviously have heard something and are looking back. The two on the left-hand running board (#4) seem to be oblivious to everything. The one in front, Clint Hill, was later to run up to the limousine and push Mrs. Kennedy back into the rear seat when she climbed up on the back hood of the car.
The motorcycle policeman next to JFK on the right, D. L. Jackson (#5) seems to realize JFK has been hit; at any rate, he is looking right at JFK. The fatal shot, 3 seconds later, zoomed from the grassy knoll right over Jackson's helmet and struck JFK on the right side of his forehead. Jackson was never interviewed by anyone and seems to have completely disappeared from the Dallas police force shortly after the assassination.
Lyndon Johnson's secret service men, on the other hand, reacted very fast. Rufus Youngblood testified that he pushed Johnson down on the floor of the car as soon as he heard the shots. The positions where Youngblood and Johnson would have been sitting in the photo (#6) are vacant, proving that Youngblood did indeed do just what he said, in 3.6 seconds. Agent Kivett in Johnson's follow-up car can also be seen reacting quickly (#7) as he opens the left rear door, preparing to jump out.
Governor Connally had been hit at Z frame 238, about one second before the photo was taken. He can be seen with his face contorted, turned to his right (#8), and slumping toward the sill of the limousine. Mrs. Kennedy had, by this time, turned to see her husband in pain, and grasped his elbow with her white gloved hand (#9). Secret Service Agent Kellerman didn't react until well after this photo.
This is not too surprising since Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson (Lady Bird) (#10) is smiling at the crowds as if nothing had happened, even though her husband is lying on the floor next to her with Agent Youngblood on top of him.
Policeman Hargis (#11) just to the left and rear of the Presidential limousine doesn't seem to know anything is wrong, although he could be looking at JFK. Later he was hit in the face with blood and grey matter from the fatal shot which came from the right front and drove the fleshy debris of Kennedy's head back and to the left toward Hargis.
The only reason the Altgens photo appears as a Commission Exhibit is that some sharp-eyed critic noticed a man who looked just like Lee Harvey Oswald standing in the doorway of the Texas School Book Depository Building in the background of the photo (#12). The Commission was therefore forced to consider this point and they contended that the man was Billy Lovelady, who was an associate of Oswald's at the building.
Four years later, I was able to prove that the Warren Commission was right, by using several other photographs in combination. Until then, the controversy still raged among Commission defenders and researchers.
One of the most significant parts of the Altgens photo is the part showing the Dal Tex building in the background and an open, darkened window on the second floor (#13). Harold Weisberg, one of the researchers, first called attention to this window and the possibility that one or more shots might have been fired from it.
A man (#14) appears in this photo, fallen back on the fire escape directly above the open window. Just five seconds earlier in the Hughes film sequence, he was sitting in a normal position. This man has not been found to be interviewed. The group of three people (#15) in the window to the south of him have not realized anything remarkable has happened and are waving and clapping and looking at the President. The probable explanation of the man's action was his much closer proximity to the noise directly below him created by a shot from the Dal-Tex window. The second shot most probably came from this window as well as the curb shot.
A Latin-appearing man who closely resembles one of the Cubans known to be involved in the New Orleans part of the conspiracy appears in the same vicinity (#16). Some researchers claim that he is using a microphone and a two-way radio. However, I believe these objects to be part of the opened vent window on the Johnson secret service follow-up car.
The large oak tree (#17) is the one referred to above in this article, as the tree which blocked the view of Kennedy from the 6th floor easternmost window in the Texas School Book Depository, at the time of the first shot (Z 289). The Warren Commission Report admits the oak tree blocked the view from Z 161 to Z 207 (see Chart 1 and Chart 2).
SPATIAL CHART of NORTHERN HALF of DEALEY PLAZA DALLAS, TEXAS
showing photographers, positions of John F Kennedy's head, objects & events surrounding 2:30 pm, 22 Nov 1963
LEGEND
locating JFK's
- Man #: men with names have not as yet been determined
- e: people
- ®: lamp post
- SoL: storm sewer inlet
- ymt: yellow mark on curb
- hedge, diagrammatic & not to scale
- : tree, diagrammatic & not to scale
- grass area
- z: on steps "up
- ma: window
JEC: John B Connally, Gov. of Texas
Zapruder film - photo-interpreter & delineator
prepared for COMPUTERS & AUTOMATION
by EC Berkeley, Editor
© 1970 Der Kaly Enterprises Inc
Newtonville, Mass, 02160, USA
First Printing, May 1970
TRIPLE UNDERPASS
MAIN St.
COMMERCE
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The “Umbrella Man”
Some interesting things happen when one begins to analyze the many pictures taken by different photographers from different directions standing in different places, but all taken in the same small interval of 10 or 15 seconds, and all in the same small area of Dealey Plaza and its environs. One of the things that happens is that the pictures confirm each other, and show what people were doing.
One outcome of the analysis is that we see other persons who also were taking pictures; then they can be identified and located, and their pictures also can be found, and copies of their pictures can be obtained from them also.
An example of a result of even further analysis of the pictures in three dimensions of space and one dimension of time is that we discover the story of “the man with the umbrella”.
When we first see the “man with the umbrella”, he is holding it closed. This is when the Kennedy car rounds the corner from Houston St. into Elm St. Next he is holding it open and low over his head; the time is shortly before the first shot (see Fig. 9). Note that the weather is sunny, “slight breezes and gusts”; it is a sunny November day in Dallas; the time is about noon; the temperature is 68° Fahrenheit, and there is no ordinary reason at all for holding an open black umbrella over one’s head. The rain that had occurred earlier in the morning stopped about ten twenty, and the temperature is not high enough to be shading oneself. No one else in all of Dealey Plaza appears to have been holding an open umbrella. Next, he raises the umbrella, still open, high up, about two feet higher; this is shortly before the last shot and the umbrella shows up in the Zapruder film. A few seconds after the last shot, we see him holding the umbrella folded (Table 3, No. 259). Then a few minutes later, we have three pictures of him, still standing in the same place, still holding the umbrella folded up. (Table 3, Nos. 48, 49, and 50) Whereas everybody else in that area has dispersed rapidly, he is still standing in the same place, looking in all directions. He has stood in a position to have been seen from all the places from which shots were fired. Yet he is in front of the Stemmons Freeway sign — so that people on the western side of the sign can’t readily see him, and people in front of the sign are facing away from him.
We can draw two tentative conclusions:
- Visual coordination as well as radio coordination of the firing teams was necessary, because of the separation of the team members by several hundred yards, the noise and confusion of the motorcade, and the crowd of spectators. The “man with the umbrella” might be the visual coordinator.
- Also, it was likely that an on-the-scene commander was required in order to make the last-minute go-no-go decision. This man may have been the on-the-scene commander.
The Warren Commission did not see the “umbrella man” in the photographs, did not find him, did not interview him, and did not enter him in any of its records anywhere. Neither did the FBI nor the Dallas authorities. Again, one asks why? It was a reasonably simple matter for an amateur to find him in the photographs. Josiah Thompson found him and mentioned him in his book, Six Seconds in Dallas (see, pages 227-228). Thompson even appealed for him, if innocent, to come forward and identify himself. That, so far, has not happened.
The “Babushka Lady’s” Movie
As mentioned above, the pictures show other persons also taking pictures. One of these other persons has been called the “Babushka lady” because she is wearing a babushka (a triangular head scarf). She took a movie as did Zapruder, but she took hers from the left hand side of the motorcade; and she was able to take all the scenes beginning with the rounding of President Kennedy’s car from Houston St. on to Elm St., and ending with the dead president’s limousine passing under the overpass to go to the hospital.
Her movie would be particularly valuable for it would probably show all that was going on on the grassy knoll.
She may have been Mrs. Beck, at the time a student at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, who was visiting in Dallas. After her movie was developed, Mrs. Beck talked about it to the Detroit Free Press. Then the Detroit FBI attempted to find her. The information at present stops there. However, from observing similar actions of the FBI, one would suspect that they found her, obtained her movie, and either destroyed it or filed it away unavailable to researchers. (See Table 2.)
Until it can be confirmed that the “Babushka Lady” is Mrs. Beck, their films are listed separately in Table 3 (Nos. 376 & 500).
Some Other Conclusions
A great many other conclusions can be drawn from or are significantly supported by the photographic evidence. A few examples are:
| No. | Type | Photographer | Subject | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51 | PB | Mary Moorman | 1 frame just before shots; Kennedy rounded the corner | |
| 9 | PB | ? | 3 frames of the Dal-Tex Building shots | |
| 375 | PB | Foley | TSBD sixth floor about 10 a.m., Nov. 22, 1963; window, with two men in the window, neither of them Oswald | |
| 376 | NB | Babushka | Movie of JFK procession (from the other side of the street from Zapruder) | about 10 to 17 sec. before until 7 to 10 sec. afterwards |
| 3e | PB | ? | TSBD fire of the shots | |
| 44 | PB | Simie | TSBD showing the window empty except for box | between first shots |
| 495 | PB | Similis | Kennedy further about 2 shots |
PB = still photograph; M = movie; B = black and white
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970
I
ì. About ten men are shown being arrested. 4., Oswaìd did not shoot Officer J. D. Tippit
2. At least two other rifics are shown being of the Dallas police force; two other men
, found before Oswald's rifìe was found. . did. Oswald was not near the shooting
\ 3. "Oswald" is shown in two fake photographs site at the time.
with him holding a rifle. When Oswald was 5. Oswald's supposed discovery and arrest in,
| shown the photos he said, "That's my head the Texas Theatre, the movie theater where
but somebody cìse's body." That Oswald he went, was staged and prearranged.
was right in this case has been clearly Continuing analysis and continuod searching for
Ì demonstrated by Fred Newcomb, a Los Ange- more photos will no doubt produce new conclusions
les researcher, and findings for some time to come.
` (Taxt continued on page 56)
Chart 2 :
` 27 .
SCHEMATIC TIMING CHART OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MOVIES, AND EVENTS
IN DEALEY PLAZA AROUND 12:30 PM NOVEMBER 22, 1963
} Zapruder Frame Numbers 3 $3252 2 z R3 o:
} Shown on Spatial Chart: R A FRRRR RB 3 z AA à
| . JFK Past Overpass
; Motorcade Location: JFK on Camere Cers and Buses Other Cars
} Before Houston St. Houston St, JFK on Elm St. on Elm St. Post Overpass
i Time Scale: .
íi Minutes Seconds Seconds Seconds Minutes
} 44
; / Shots: w basee | 'eh
3 JFK behind "the" oak i
à / tree as seen from
7 ' "the Oswald” window
R Window empty
: (Hughes 654
Dillord 1): 3.7 uC. 3e
é t T
è Photographers and
' Their Photographg:
E Zapruder
ly .
Nix Nix 1 Nix 2A , Nix 2B
296 7 425
' + `
Muchmore Muchmore l Muchmore 2 : Sa .
p : MM MM 192 280 . 322
f Hughes Hughes © Hughes 1 Hughes 2 Lora ` igs oo Hughes 4
è H 567 H654 ' l `
i Martin Martin 0 , Mertin } Martin 2 a . Martin 3
i Ni u 64 MOS M138 n f
', Bell ` Bell 1 l . ' Bell 2
' Altgens $ Altgens 1>5 | , Altgens 1-6 Altgens 1-7 Saan To
o ~- e. . -
Moorman ' Moorman 1 Moorman 2 '
, . ° `
o. Willis ; wiis 3 Miss wus o., Willis 6 Willis 7
' e 202 .
Wei gman m Weigman (With Breaks)
Rickerby . . . Rickerby 162
Couen 0 O UU o . ` Couch 1234567
n Bond Bond ' , aa Bond .
n . e o , , ` e. . . . . . .
uhl 23 . > , 45678689
Dorman oo „Dorman `
Dilerd ' Dillard ì
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EIEE E AAT Y
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Table 3
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MAIN LIST OF OVER 500 PHOTOGRAPHS AND OVER 75 PHOTOGKAPIIERS
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Photo e;Photographer Seq. No. Type * Name G No., No., Photo Shows No. Type ” Name G No, No. Photo Shows 1 Zapruderęà . l JFK on Elm-lilouston St. to Overpass 60 PR Altgens 2-20 TSB) from snme position 5:19 Pt 2 WC Nix? l JFK on Houston St. before shots 69 P8 ” 3-7 TSB) from center of plaza 5:07 PH Clock 3x ” 2A JFK on Elm St. Just before, during G efter shows heod shot 70 PB ” 3-0 TSND from center of pləza 4 K ” 28 Grassy knoll and cers on Elm just after n ” 3-9 TSN) from center of plaza head shot 72 PB ” 3-10 TSN from center of plaza 5 MC Muchmore, 3 1 JFK on Houston St. 733 rn " 3-11 TSKP from center of plaza 6 w ” 2 JFK on Elm just before, during G after 74 rB . 3-12 TSD from center of plaza henad shot 75 P8 . 4-10 Triple overpass from same position es . 7 MC Hughħes,4 O JFK on Houston from Main St. 2/3 of wey to : Altgens l-b , Elm . 76 PD ” 4-11 Triple overpass from same position : s 8 MC ” 1 JFK on louston G Elm A TSDO éth floor wiae 77 PD " 4-12 Triple overpass from same position i : dow empty - 70 PB ” 4-16 TSRD 5:16 PM from seme position as 9 xc " 2 Camcra cnrs on liouston St. = Men on Del . Altgens l-6 Clock shows
t Tex fire escape , sitting 719 PB ” 4-17 TSDO 5:16 PM from same position es 10 W ” 3 Crassy knoll after shots Altgens 1-6 Clock shows
H M " 4 Grassy knoll efter shots 00 rn . . 4-10 TSO 5:16 PM from same position as
"12 KC ” 5 County Courte Nidg.., Dal Tex C Main G . Altgens l-6 Clock shows : llouston 01 Pc Willis,)l 1 JFK on Main St.
: 13 C " 6 Parking Lot a 02 rc " 2 JFK on liouston St. ! 4 E ” 7 Pinza looking south from arcede 03 rc " 3 JFK on louston St. 15 K " O Parking Lot 04 rc " 4 JFK in front of TSNO 16 MC ” 9 TSND Nidg. =- top 85 Pre ” ; 5 JFK after first shot 17 WC ” 10, TS0D Doorway G Dal Tex Bo Prc ” O Elm St. 6 grassy knoll after shots 10 NC Hartin, O°ŽJFK on iouston St. (from DCA Film) 87? rc " 7 ElmSt. i grassy knoll after shots 19 MC "> l JFK in front of TSDD Dldg. 00 PC ” 8B TSNO Ooorway 20 NC " 2A Grassy knoll G Elm St. after shots 89 rc ” 9 Houston St, looking N. from Elm, TSO G >» 2 NC ” 2B Grassy knoll G Elm St. after shots Dal Tex 22 M o" 3 Parking Lot %0 PC ” 10 TSDD front - Doorway G 5 eastern windows 23 MC ” å Cop on Motorcycle with negro - Arrest and possible rifle 24 MC s 5 B. Lovelady in front of TSDD 9 e , 11 Houston St, looking north from Elm St, 25 K " 6 C. Brehm lntervicwed on Elm St, ` 92 rc " 12 TSNRD (all of it) from Houston G Main 26 MC ” T View North on ltouston from Elm 93 rc ” 13 Man arrested outside Del Tex Bldg, : 27 K " 8 Vicw North on Kouston G TSDD doorway 94 rc .’ 14 White station wagon oa Elm about 12:45 20 MC . 9 Front of TSDD =- Cops with shotguns 95 rc " 15 Scenes around TSDD 29 WC ” 20 Dal Tex Bldg =- Cop with shotgun = Police 96 PC " 16. Scenes around TSBO cars 97 PC . 17 Scenes around TSBO 30 MC Mentesama,G O L. Florer under arrest at Houston G Elm %9 Pc ” 108 Scenes around TSBD 3 C ” i l Top of TSBO - 2 cops on 7th fioor fire es- 99 PB Betzner,12 1 JFK on iiouston cape 100 PB ” 2 JFK in front of TSBD 32 x s 2 Houston St. betwcen TSDD and Del Tex =- 10) PB ” 3 JFK on Elm abou. time of first shot Rifle being examined 102 P8 Bothun,13 1 JFK near Love Field 33 MC Bell,? 1 JFK on Houston St. 103 P8 ” 2 JFK on Main approaching Kouston 34 ” 2 JFK in front of TSDO 104 PB " 3 Lead motorcycles approaching Houston IS M " 3 JFK approaching triple overpass on Elm St. 105 PB " 4 JFK rounding corner Main G Houston 36 NC o” 4 Grassy knoll area just after shota 9 106 PRB > 5 Arcade after shots 37 C ” 5 Grəssy knoll arca after shots 107 PB AP Photog- 3} Group of photos taken outside Parkland 3B ” 6 Center of Plaza after shots rapher,14 Hospital 39 MC ” 7 Grassy knoll arce 108, PB AP Photog- 1 Copy of Moorman 2 =- Clearer tħan publisid 40 C ” O Plaza from Bldg. on south later in day ` rapher,15 4a s 9 Plaza from Bldg. on south iater in day 109 PB AP Photog- 2 Officers G newsmen inside TSBO at óth 42, PC Bond,8 l Motorcycles rounding Houston G Maia rapher, l6 floor window . 43 PC ” 2 JFK rounding Houston G Main 110 PB ` AP Pħhotoge ì Group of officials and Pickup truck on 44 ec ” 3 JFK on Houston ` ` raphex,ì7 Stemmons Freeway - TSBD in background e 45 PC ” 4 Grassy knoll G Elm St. after shots * ` Taken from moving car =- 1:04 PM. Nov.22 46 PC " 5 Grassy kħoll & Elm St. after shots 112 PB ” 2 Triple overpass from same car on west 47 oc s 6 Grassy knoll G Elm St. after shots 112 PB ” 3 Closeup of overpass =- 1:04 PM from car 48 PC ” 7 Grassy knoll after shots approeching 49 PC ,” 8 Grossy knoll after shots < N3 PB ” 4 TSBD, Dal Tex. County Records Bldg. fron 50 Pc ” 9 Grassy knoll after shots moving car on Maln St. near overpass e 51 PB W, Moorman,9 ì Motorcycle cop rounding corner Elm G House ` 1:04 PM ton 114 P6 ” 5 TSDD. Dal Tex from car on Main St. ~ 52 PB " ey 2 Grassy knoll G JFK at time of head shot E . 1:04 PM Clock shows 53 PB Altgeas,l® 1-2 Lead Motorcycles in Motorcade on Main St. 115 PB ” 6 Grassy knoll G Triple overpass from cer 54 PB " 1-3 JFK approaching Kouston St, on Main ` on Maln St.
i 55 PR ” l-4 JFK turning corner at Houston G Main -116 PB " 7. TSBD. Dal Tex from car on Main =- 1:04 PH S% PB “ 1-5 JFK halfway down louston toward Elm = Vicw of ectivity around corner of Elm 57 PB " 1-6 JFK after first three shots G before fatal G ilouston
` shot. Dpen window, fire escape, Dal Tex D. Miller,?l® ?} JFK carly in motorcode 58 PB s 1-7 JFK approaching triple overpass, C. Hill a 2 JFK early in motorcade g on car 117 'PB >” 3 JFK on Stemmons Frecway - Possible man 59 PB " 1-8 Arcade 6 knoll from South of Elm after with rifle in background = Corham siga shots shows JFK's-C. Hill's Loot sticking 60 PB .” 2-4 TSDD 5:06 PM November 22 ` out of car 6l PB , 2-5 TS00 5:06 PM Clock shows 110 PB Rickerby,l9 1 (Life) Arcade G West Cupola after shots 62 PB r 2-6 TSBD 5:06 PM Clock shows . . (3 people) 63 pB ” 2-13 TSND from somo position as Altgens l-6 119 PB ” 2 Arcade & Photographers taking piotures 64 PB ” 214 TSDO from same position ` , (Cam 2) 65 Po . 2-15 TSBO from seme position 5:16 PM Clock shows 120 PB ’ Dillard, 20 1 TSOD 6th floor window from Cam 3 (Dallas 6b vB . 2-19 TSDD from same position 5:19 PM Clock shows Morning N) 67? PB ° 2-20 TSDO from same position 56:19 PH 121 .PB " ' 2 TSDD 6th floor window from Cen 3 z 52 COMPIJTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970 oana TEA MTA Ee ar TYT E IERE
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Photo e,Photographor Seq, . No. Type Name G No, No. Photo Shows
Photo e,Photographer Seq.
TIPNE PI APEEP EE P O PER erer Reem TEn
No. Type Nemo e No, No. Photo Shows 122 POD Dillard,20 3 Overpass C camera cors on Elm 107 PP We, Ailen, 23 3-6 Larry Florer in Sheriff's office 123 PB s: 4 1:45 PM - Hond pointing to bullet mark 100 PB 3-7 Larry Florer in Sheriff's ollice 124 PD J. Laird,2} 1 (Dollis Morning News) Scene at Parkland 109 PO ” 3-0 Larry Florer in Sheriff's offico Hospital 190 PB " 3-9 Lorry Florer in Sheriff's office 125 PD " 2 1l contact prints of TSDD late on November 191 PB " 3-10 Lorry Fiorer in Sheriff's office . 22 192 Po ” u=il TSDD from è distance 120 pi " 3 11 contact prints of Parkland Hospital 193 PB " 3-12 TSBD Crom closeup 127 PD " å O contact prints at Police station 194 PB . 3-13 Two cops in TSBD doorway E 120 PB ” 5 16 contact prints of scenes around Parke ` 195 PB ” 3-14 Three "tromps” from R.R. yards ia froat . G land liospitnl of TSD 129 PD J. BDeors,22 1 (Dolinas Morning News) Lt. Montgomery care 196 PB ” 3-15 Three "tromps” on Houston St. rying large paper bog 197 PB ” 3-16 Three "tramps" being led towards shee 130 en ” 2 Lt. Montgomery with bag rilf’'s office 131 PD ” 3 Lt. Johnson carrying Dr. Pepper bottle 190 PD ” 4-2 Dullet mark on curb 132 po ” 4 Boxes inside TSDD 6th floor window 199 PB , 4-3 Bullet mark on curb . 133 ro r 5 W.E. Barnett G J.M, Smith (cops) 200 PB ” 4-4 Lt. Montgomery with bag G Lt. Johnsoa 134 PD . 6 Larry Florer on KRouston St. with bottle 135 PB r T Arca where Oswald's rifle found 201 PB ~ 4-5 Lt. Montgomery with bag G Lt. Johnsos 136 Pū ~ B Arca where Oswald's rifle found ` with bottle 137 PB ” 9 Two men in police car - one negro, one 202 PB " 4-6 Lt. Johnson with bottle G lunch səck Cuban 203 Po ” 4-7 Lt. Johnson with bottle G lunch sack 130 Po ” 10 Same men being lcd from TSDD by cops 204 PB ” 4-14 Boxes inside 6th floor window 139 pB ” ìl Three tramps being led away from TSBO 205 PD ” 4-15 Doxes inside 6th fioor windot 140 PB bas .ì2 Thrco tramps being lcd nway from TSBO 20 PD ” 4-16 Boxes inside óth floor window 141 PB ” 13 Rlfie being carried away from TSBD by Lt. 207 PB . 4-17 Vicw down Elm from 6th floor window Day 200 PD ” 4-10 Vicw cown Elm from 6th floor window 142 po ” 14 Rifle being carried away from TSBD by Lt. 209 PD ” 4-19 Vicw down Elm from 6th fioor window Day . 210' PB ” 5-1 Rear bumper of car 243 PD ” 15 Rifle being carried away from TSBD by Lto > 211 PB ” 5-2 Cop in front of TSBD G group Day 212 PB ” 5-3 Group in front of TSBO 144 PD ”, 16 Two ladles G boy leaving TSBD 213 PO ” 5-4 Cops in TSDD doorway 145 PB ” 17 View from 6th floor windon = Nov, 22 PM 214 PD ” 5-f Police cers and crowd behind TSAO (north) 146 PO . 10 Oswałd arrival at Polico Station 215 "B. ” 5-6 Police cars and crowd behind TSND (north) 147 PB ~ 19 Cop with shotgun looking up at TSBO 216 PB ” 5-6 Police cars and crowd behind TSDD (north) 140 Pp ” 20 Group around TSND 217 PO ” 5-8 Negro G Latin man under arrest on Elm Ste 149 PD » 21 Old white haired man lcd away from TSBD 210 PD ” 5-9 Negro G Latin man climbing in police car 150 PO ” 22 Scene around G inside TSBO e view of east 219 PB ” 5-10 Negro G Latin man in police car side of Houston 220 PB ” S-11 Lt, Day carrying rifle out of TSO 15) PB ” 23 TSD from point on Houston 22) PD ” 5-12 Lt, Day carrying rifle toward Houston 6 152. PB a 24 3 boxes stacked up at TSDD 6th floor wine ' Elm dow 222 PB ” 5-13 Lt. Day carrying rifle toward Houston 6 159 PO ` 25 Scene around G inside TSNO Elm 154 rB " 26 Scene around G inside TSDD 223 PB ” 5-14 Lt. Day carrying rifle approaching cor- 155 PB ” 27 Scene around G inside TSOD ner 156 rB ” 20 Scene around G inside TSOO 224 PB .. 5-15 Lt, Day carrying rifle crossing Houston 157 rB ” 29 Scene around G inside TSDD 225 PB " 5-1.6 Lt. Day carrying rifle crossing Houston 158 PB " 30 Scene around G inside TSDD 226 PB » 5-17 Lt. Day carrying rifle in front of Dal 159 PB ” 31 Scene around G inside TSOD Tex 160 PB . 32 Scene around G inside TSDD 227 PB s 5-18 Lt. Day carrying rifie in front of Dal 16i PO ka -33 Scene around G inside TSDD Tex 162 PB We., Allem,23 1-3 (Dəllas Timcs Herald) 12:39 PM Walthers and 228 PB ” 6-3 Two women and man lcaving a house “ sccond official picking up something frowa 229 PB ” 6-4 Two women and man getting in police car ground = Anòther photographer shows 163 PB " ` 1-4 12:40 PM (Hertz clock shows) Walthers and 230 PB . 6-5 Two women and man getting in police cer group ncar spot whero something picked = Another photographer shows up =- South of Elm near inlet 23) PB » 6-6 Two wonen and man in police cer = An= 164 PB ” 1-5 12:41 PM Grassy knoll from center of piare other photographer Shows 165 PB “ ì-6 Group near foot of steps on Elm =- TSOD G 232 PB > 6-7 Two wonen and man arriving at polico Dal Tex in bockground =~ C. Brehm being station ` interviewed 12:42 PM 233 PB ” 6-8 Two women and man arriving at police 16 B ç >’ - l-7 Group near foot of steps on Elm ~ Grassy station knoll in background =- C. Brehm being 234 PB , 6-9 Two women and man in police waiting room soom OUT interviewed 12:42 PM 235 PB J.Mcàulay,24 1 (Ft. Worth Star Telegram) Man arrested 167 PB ° 1-8 Group near foot of steps on Elm - Center of in Ft. Worth near police car ` plaza in background 12:42 PM 236 PB "° 2 Man near car in Ft. Worth - Nov, 22 PM 168 PB ~ 1-15 Cop with shotgun = Daì Tex in background = 237 PB ” 3 Man bcing led away from car Elm G iouston 12:43 PM 236 PO K.Cebdluck,23 1 (Ft. Worth Star Telegram} Spot where SON 169 PB - 1-16 Cop with shotgun = View east on Elm from . bullet hit grass Houston 12:44PM 239 PB . 2 Spot where bullet hit grass 170 PB ” 1-17 (around 12:45 PM) TSBO from south of Elm on 240 PD ” 3 Spot where bullet hit grass Houston . 241 PB . 4 Spot where bullet hit grass 171, PB . 1-18 TSDD from south of Elm on Houston (closer 242 PB " 5 Parkland Hospital =- Many people in front . view) 243 PR r 6 Parkland Hospital =- Many people in front 172 PB ” ` l-19 Crowd held back =- Corner Eim G Houston oute 244 PB ” 7` Parkiand tlospital - Many people in front 7 i side County Records Bldg. 245 PB J.Cabluok,26 1 (Ft. worth Star Telcgram) Dealey Plaza 173 PB " `; 1-20 Dal Tex, cops with shotguns from corner from Helicopter late afternoon = Nov.22 D Elm G Houston 1246 PB ” 2> Helicopter view of Dealey Plaze from east 174 PB > * } ' 2-3 CopsG crowds in front of Dal Tex fire of Dal Tex 1 ; . escape =- Mentesana in photo ba? PB " 3 Helicopter view of Dealey Plazs from west 175 PD ı 2-4 Cop with shotgun in front of Dal Tex of overpass 176 PB 2-5 6th floor window - Man measuring cartons 240 PB ” 4 Parkiand ilospital. JFK car 177 PB . 2-6 bth floor window - Man measuring cartons 249 PB " 5 Parklond liospital, other cars 178 PB 2-7; 6th floor window - Man measuring cartons 250 PB , 6 Vicw of Railroad tracks from TSOD 179 PB' 2-8.Cops checking cars lined up to leave parke 25) PB G. Smith,27 1 (Ft. Worth Ster Telegram) Three men fros ' ding lot 12:54 PM . R.R. tracks in front of TSBO undor 180 PB ” 2-14 12:55 PM Sheriff waving out of 6th floor arrest : . window next to “the” window 232 PB ” 2 Three men from R.R. trecks in front TSBO 101 PD > 2-15 Assassins” window . . under arrest 102 PA r 2-10 12: 55 PM Cops with shotguns = Del Tex in 253 PB ” ' 3 Lt. Montgomery with bag | background (looks liko Murray 2-15) 254 PD " 4A Lt. Montgomory with hag 13 P ’ 2-17 Lnrry Floror baing frisked 255 Pn ” S Lt. Johnaon with snck ang bottio 104 Po . 2-10 Larry Floror closo up 256 PD " 6 Lt. Johnson with sack and bottle 105 PB ” 2-19 "Assassins" window 257 PB ” T Nw corner Óth floor TSD inside 160 PB " 3-5 1:00 PM Larry Fiorer in Sheriff's office 250 P8 W.Davis,28 1 (Ft. Worth Star Telegram) Photographers i ee ia canoa car CAN 2 early motorcade t COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970 \ 53 E EIE aT T R CEAT prr
$ | Photo e Photographer Seg. Photo ejPhotographor Seq. ? No. Type * Namo G No, No, Photo Shows No. Typo Namo G No, No. Photo Shows j 259 PD KNeigman,29 l Scene on Elm, grassy knoll, TSBO doorway 310 PD Murray,30 2-24 Cops beside Dal Tex Bldg, = Houston St. l from CAM l sido 1:00 j 260 Po ” -a 2 Ncwmans on ground = Cong 1 G 2 on Elm St. 319 D ” 2-25 (Croup in Iront of Dal Tex - Closeup 1:09 1 261 PD Nurray,30 t Diank (Murray went downtown to buy film) 262 Pn " l-2 Blank 320 po " 2-26 Bario piace Uowntown 1:24 ! 263 PB ” l-3 Elm & Houston G Dal Tex from in front of 321 PB ” 2-27 UarBQ place fowntown l:24 TSDD 12:33 322 D ” 2-20 Nər) place downtown 1:24 j 264 PD ” l-4 < 323 PN ” 2-29 Larry Florer in Sheriff's office 1:39 l 265 PD ” l-5 Parking Lot = North section 32:34 324 PD ” 2-30 Larry Florer ln Sheriff's offico 1:30 . 266 PD n 1-6 Parking Lot = South section 12:34 325 PD ” 3-2 Croup outside Dal Tex 12:56 ' 267 rB . l-7 Elm St. Ext. = From west end looking 326 PB . 3-3 Front of TSAO G Elm St. Ext, looking i cast 12:34 west 12:56 i 260 PD . 1-0 Center of Plaza from knoll 12:35 327 PD ” 3-4 View south on ilouston [rom Elm 12:57 | 269 PD ” 1-9 Ciloscup of large group on north curb of 320 PpD - 3-5 Vicw south on Iiouston from Elm 12:57 ! Elm 12:35 329 PB ” 3-0 In Sheriff's office 1:00 ' : 270 PD " l-10 Closcup of couple on north side Elm St e 330 PD ” 3-7 In Sheriff's office 1:0% TSBD in background 12:36 3y Po . 3-0 tn Sheriff's office 1:0 | 271 PD “ l-11 Long shot facing overpass from steps on 332 Po ” 3-9 In Sheriff's office 1:06 Elm 12:37 333 PB " 3-10 Mary Moorman using phonc in Sheriff's | 272 PD ” 1-12 Arcade G knoll from center of Plaza 12:38 office 1:00 | 273 PB ” l-13 Police cxaminc spot on ground =- Hortz 334 PB ” 3-11 View across Plaza from liouston ):07- clock shows the time 12:39 335 PD . 3-12 Dor on llouston St. = Snuth of Main 1;12 Í 274 PB s l-14 Same as 13 - South Elm near sewor outlet 336 PD ” 3-13 Dar on ilouston St. = South of Main 1:12 : =- Walthers lighting cigáretto 12:39 337 PB ” 3-14 Cab driver downtown where Murray bought ; 275 PB . 1-15 Walthers picking up something from - film 1:23 ? ground 12:39 330 ro ” 3-15 in Sheriff's office 1:30 276 PB . ì=-l6 Walthers holding something in his hand 339 PB " 4-4 Uverpass from Eim G Houston 12:39 340 PB " 4-5 Overpass from Elm G ilousten 277 PB “ ì-17 Another official touching spot on ground 34) PD ” 4-b Ovcrpass from Elm G Houston 12:40 342 PN . 4-7 TSN) West end =- Top floor 270 PB " 1-10 Police standing around spot on ground 343 ro ” 4-0 TSO) West end = All floors 12:40 344 PB ” 4-9 Iinuston G Elm activity 279 PD , 1-19 Police picking up other objects from two 345 PD ” 4-10 iiouston G Elm activity l spots =- Clock shows the time 12:40 340 PD ” 4-ll ilouston G Elm activity l. 200 PO ” 1-20 TS0D Ploza & knoll from Commerce St. = 347 PD ” 4-12 Houston G Elm activity ` Front doorway guarded by two cops 12:41 340 PB ” 4-13 tiouston G Elm activity - Possible are i 201 rB " ì-21 TS50D Plaza G knoll from Commerce St.12:41 rest Hii 202? ro ” l-22 Front door of TSDD from south of Elm 12:42 349 PB ” d=-14 TSON East end = Top floors , 203 PD n 1-23 Front door of TSDD from south of Elm 12:42 350 PD ” 4-15 T5BD East cnd = Top (loors i 204 PD ” 1-24 Front door of TSD) = Closeup 12:42 351 PO ” elb T50 Fast end - Top floors i 205 PO ” 1-25 Front door of TSBO =- Closeup 12:43 352 PB " i=-17 TSO) Eost cnd - Top lloors = Clock shows j - 286 PD a: 1-26 Negro boy in police cer =- Front of TSBO 353 PB ” {e10 TS0D East cnd -= Top floors i 12:43 354 ro ” 4-19 TSNBD East end - Top floors ; 207 PB " 1-27 Front door TSDD =- Closeup =- Walthers in 355 PB ” 4-20 TSDD East end - Top floors | doorway 12:43 35% rB ” 4-2) TSD) Fast cnd -~ Top floors | 2808 PD ” 1-28 Vicw east on Elm St. from Houston G Elm 357 T Atkins,3l à Newmans on the ground | Dal Tex G County Records Bldg. 12:43 350 T ” 2 Newmans on the ground . i 209 PB , l-29 County Records Bldg. =- NE Corner 12:43 359 PB Canceilare,92 1 Newmans on ground = Wcigman. Craven, i 290 PD ” 1-30 Vicw north on Houston from south side of ' Altgens ’ } Elm St. 12:44 : -360 PB ” 2 Newmans on ground - Closeup ! 291 PD ” 1-31 TSDD from Houston G Main 12:44 36) PB ” . 3 Perking lot i 292 PB " 1-32 TSDD front G doorway from Houston G Elm 362. PB a -4 Plaza 6 Elm St, from knoll i 12:45 343 PB ” 5 Crowd on north side of Elm from knoll i 293 PB ” 1-33 -TSDD front G doorway from Houston G Elm - Babushka Lady appears ' 12:45 364 PB " 6 Crowd on Overpass watching JFK going : .294 PO ” 1-34 TSDD doorway - Crowd in front 12:45 i out Stemmons Freeway i 295 PB ” 1-35 Cop with shotgun = Dal Tex Bldg. in backe : 365 PB WI, 33 ìl Lt. Montgomery carrying paper bag out ' Ground 12:45 1 of TSBO 296 PB ® —» 1-36 View north on Houston from Elm St. 12:45 ' 36 PB UPI, 34 2 Officers in front of TSBO 297 PO ” t \ 2-3 Vicw of overpass from Elm 12:40 : 367 PB ” 3 Copy of Wm. Allen 1-3 with caption 290 PB » Y. \2-4 Crowd on Elm G eastern Cupola from south reading: "Dallas police search ground \ on Elm 12:40 for bullet bolievcd to have lodged in 299 PB ” \2-5 TSDD front door — Reporter tape recording the carth“ - i interview with Brennan 12:42 368 PB UPI, 35 4 Negro girì crying outside Parkland 300 PD ” 2-6 TSDD front door 12:42 ” Hospital : . 30) PB r ~ 2-7 TSD front door 12:42 ' 369 PB ” § Negro girl crying outside Parklend t 302 PB ” © 2-8 Walthers bcing interviewed in front of . Hospital ~ | . H TSNO 12:45 370 PBD Stoughton, 3% Not sure he took anything Cam 2 | 303 PB > s 9 Walthers bcing interviewed in front of 371 PB Burrows,37 1 Camcro cars on Houston St. fron Cam 2 i i ; TSBD 12:45 (AP) A 304 PO " ; 2-10 Policeman on 6th floor yelling out win- 372 PB " Camera cars on Houston St. fron Cam 2 ,} e, i dow G pointing to 6th floor window 12:58 373 MC Dorman, 38 à JEK on Houston - Glimpses on Fim before | 305 PB , 2-1) Policeman on 6th floor yelling out win- « shots | dow G pointing to 6th floor window 12:55 374 MC ” 2 Morc glimpses on Houston after shots i „ 306 PB " 2-12 Three ladies on top floor fire escape 375 PC Unldentified,39 1 TSDD on AM of Nov. 22 =- 6th floor win- i < landing of Dal Tex 12:56 Photog. (Foley) dow \ ` 307 P8 R 2-13 Ceps with shotguns in front of Oal Tex 376 MC ' Mrs. Beck, 40 Not sure film exists =- Taken during i ' 12:5 shots i y 309 Pp - 2-14 Cops with shotguns in front of Dal Tex 377 PU Weaver,4dl ì TSIO 6th floor window before first shot -12:50 378 PB Powell, 42 Cannot find him 309: PB . > 2-15 Cops with shotguns in front of Dal Tex 379 PB Volkiand,43 1 JFK on Stemmons Freeway - Back of TSBO . . 12:56 L à C Parking lot \ ~ 310 PB . , 2-16 Cops with shotguns in front of Dal Tex 360 PC MeoCammon, 44 1 Group of police interrogating an old P : i 12:5 . negro outside TSBO 311 P6 ~" 2-17 Larry Florer being interviewed in Sheriffè 301 PC ” 2 Group of police interrogating an old $ office 1:06 negro outside TSOD 32 Po ” , 2-18 Larry Fìorer being interviewed in Sheriffs 302 PC . 3 Scene in Deolcy Plaza i . office 1:06 303 PC "o 4 Scene in Dealey Plaza ‘93 Po m. 2-19 Four men in Sheriff's office 1:06 384 PC . 5 Scene at Tippitt shooting N4 ro ” 2-20 Larry Florer 1:06 385 PC ’ 6 Scenc at Tippitt shooting 3V5 PB ”, 2-21 Larry Florer 1:06 2 386 Pe " 7 Oswald in Texas Theatre just bufore i Ve eb f. ni 7 2-22 Larry Florer 1:06 ` ' arrest ' 317 vo © ~“ ; 2-23 Cops beside Dal Tox Bldg. = Houston St, 387 PC ’ 8 Oswald in Texas Theatre just after j ’ side 1:108 arrest | 54 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970 t
SUTOPO
Photo Photographer Seq.
| No. | Type | Name | G No. | No. | Photo Shows |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309 | PB | Jackson, 45 | 1 | (Times Herald) | Photo of cars on Houston St. |
| 309 | T | A. J. L'Hoste, 46 | 1 | Station WFAA-TV (ABC) | Photographer = Cop carrying shotgun toward TSBD |
| 390 | T | " | 2 | Decker, Brennan, | Cop with shotgun outside TSBD doorway |
| 39 | T | " | 3 | TSBD doorway near same time as Willis 10 | |
| 3N | T | s | 4 | 6th floor window from underneath | |
| 393 | T | . | 5 | Larry Florer led toward Houston & Elm | |
| IA | T | . | 6 | Decker being interviewed in front of TSBD | |
| 395 | T | " | 7 | Four cops with shotguns - Dal Tex in background | |
| 3% | T | " | 8 | Larry Florer being led down Houston St., 3 other photographers show up | |
| 397 | T | - | 9 | Larry Florer going into garage entrance of Sheriff's Bldg. | |
| i | 399 | T | " | 10 | Two cops leading negro witness into TSBD |
| | | 39 | T | - | 11 | Possibly two men placed in police car in front of TSBD |
| : | 400 | T | " | 12 | Same two men driving down Elm St. |
| . | 40 | T | " | 13 | Mexican & negro led to police car on Elm St. |
| l | 402 | T | . | 14 | Same two being placed in car - Another photographer |
| 403 | T | T. Alyea, 47 | 1 | (WFAA-TV ABC) | View of Plaza & knoll from Houston & Main - crowd moving toward knoll |
| 404 | T | "a | 2 | Scene outside TSBD | |
| 405 | T | i) | 3 | Scene outside TSBD | |
| 4b | T | . | 4 | Scene outside TSBD | |
| 407 | T | . | 5 | Scene outside TSBD | |
| 408 | T | o | 6 | Police searching through 6th floor | |
| 4 | TOOT | 7 | Police looking out 6th floor on Houston St. | ||
| 410 | T | ba | 8 | Cop sticks head out toward Elm St. | |
| 41 | T | " | 9 | Area showing lunch sack & Dr. Pepper bottle | |
| 412 | T | " | 10 | Rifle on 6th floor of TSBD - In hiding place - Sheriffs & police examine spot | |
| 43 | T | " | 11 | Closeup of rifle posed for photo - Sight visible | |
| 414 | T | " | 12 | Policeman holds rifle up - Second cop points at bolt | |
| 45 | T | " | 13 | Group near boxes where rifle found - Newsmen taking notes | |
| 4b | T | " | 14 | Lt. Day dusting live shell for fingerprints. Bullet visible | |
| 417 | T | " | 15 | Sheriffs talking on 6th floor | |
| 418 | T | R. Reiland, 48 | 1 | (WFAA-TV ABC) | Frame Bldg. in Oak Cliff where assassin thought to be - Men sneaking upon it - Could be library or temple |
| 49 | T | a | 2 | Police cars speeding along residential street in Oak Cliff - Police go into old frame building | |
| 420 | T | > | 3 | Cop holding up light grey jacket - Near parking lot | |
| Men in shirt sleeves talking near used car lot | |||||
| 422 | T. | 4 | Several police cars & cops near Tippitt shooting site - Cop runs toward police car holding gun butt | ||
| 423 | T | " | 5 | Group gathered around Tippitt's car, piece of paper or poster lying on dashboard - No detail | |
| 424 | T | " | 6 | Cops examine Tippitt's billfold (according to Reiland who is narrating) - Note pad inside - Cops point to it - Cop holding Tippitt's pistol beside his car | |
| 425 | T | " | 7 | Group around Tippitt shooting site (overexposed) | |
| 426 | T | ' | 8 | Crowd around police car in business section - It drives away with someone in back seat | |
| 427 | T | 9 | Police cars driving up to Texas Theatre | ||
| 428 | T | 10 | Texas Theatre looking up at tower | ||
| 429 | T | 11 | Texas Theatre - Cops going in = Car pulls away | ||
| 430 | T | 12 | Inside Texas Theatre - Very dark - Lights blinking - Cops hustle Oswald toward inside doorway | ||
| 431 | T | " | 13 | Crowd gathered around police car outside Texas Theatre - Oswald inside in back seat - It drives away | |
| 432 | T' | M. Couch, 49 | 1 | (WFAA-TV ABC) | In CAM 3 = Motorcade on Main St. approaching Houston St. |
| 433 | T | / - | 2 | Front of TSBD - Crowd on north side of Elm as CAM 3 rounds corner Houston & Elm | |
| 434 | T | , | 3 | CAM 1, CAM 2, other photographers on knoll - Newsmen on ground = man with umbrella folded = Officer Haygood approaching north curb & Hargis running to cycle South of Elm St. as CAM 3 moves down Elm |
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970
Photo Photographer Seq.
| No. | Type | Name | G No. | No. | Photo Shows |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 435 | T | M. Couch, 49 | 4 | Cop with revolver drawn - South of Elm | |
| 436 | T | " | 5 | Brehm, Babushka Lady, Summers, Will, Moorman, Togue South of Elm - Sweeping view to overpass | |
| 437 | T | 6 | Photographers on knoll - Newmans on ground | ||
| 438 | T | 7 | Haygood trying to jump cycle over curb north of Elm - Wiegman & Cancelliere running to catch CAM 1 | ||
| 439 | T | 8 | Crowd on North side of Elm - Taken from Arcade | ||
| 440 | T | 9 | Crowd on North side of Elm - Taken from Houston & Elm | ||
| 441 | T | 10 | Crowd on North side of Elm - Taken from car driving on Elm (All of above are taken prior to 12:35 PM - Nov. 22) | ||
| 442 | T | 11 | TSBD 6th floor window inside = Cops looking out | ||
| 443 | T | 12 | TSBD from center of Plaza - Zooms in on 6th floor window - Pans down to knoll = Then to corner of Houston & Elm & back to overpass = Executive traja moving on overpass | ||
| 444 | T | 13 | Arcade with several people in it | ||
| 445 | T | 14 | WFAA Commentator shows rifle & telescopic sight similar to Oswalds lying in Plaza grass = Demonstrates bolt action | ||
| 446 | T | 15 | Center of Plaza from knoll | ||
| 447 | T | 16 | Cupola, Zapruder's position & arcade (Sequences 11 to 16 above were taken between 3 and 4 PM - Nov. 22) | ||
| 448 | T | D. Cook, 50 | 1 | (KIVT-Channel 1) Fort Worth | JFK on Main and rounding corner Houston & Main - Taken from in front of Sheriff's office |
| 449 | T | " | 2 | Cop with drawn revolver & crowd on Elm less than two minutes after fatal shot | |
| 450 | T | " | 3 | Activity in parking lot | |
| 451 | T | " | 4 | Looking east on Elm St. Ext. toward TSBD | |
| 452 | T | " | 5 | In front of TSBD | |
| 453 | T | " | 6 | Inside TSBD - Lower floor | |
| 454 | T | " | 7 | Inside TSBD - Sixth floor | |
| 455 | T | " | 8 |
UN OT be cET Lia p v ai.
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=
düd T ` J.Darnell,54 2 In parking lot
405 T ” 3 In front of TSBD - Arrest of man on Elm
400 T ” 4 In WMAP press room - Old Co. Court House - Witness interviews
407 T — D.Owens,55 1 (WBĐBAP-NBC) In front of TSBD
480 T ” 2 Decker being interviewed in front of TSBO
409 T KRLO, 56 ìà (Photogropher unknown) Two men running in shadow of fence toward old building ê- mong trecs G shrubbery - Could be li-
. brary or church in Oak Cliff where sus- pect wais believed to be hiding 490 WC T.Towner,5T 1 JFK rounding corner ilouston G Elm s49 PC ” 1 JFK rounding corner Houston G Elm j; 492? PC - 2 Camera cars going down Elm St.
493 MC P.Paschall,59 1 JFK going under overpass
494 PC N.Similas, bO 1 JFK on Elm - TSDD in background
495 PC ” 2 JFK on Elm ~- Overpass in background
496 PB D.Moorman,6l ì JFK in car after shots (Sold to AP)
497 PB J.Newmn,ó? 1 JFK on Stemmons (Sold to AP)
498 PB T.lioward,63J 1 JFKat time of fatal shot - Eve Grant sayo iloward had this photo - Not sure it exists
49 ? Unigenti fied Appears in Wm. Allen 1%
Photog., 64 So0 ? Babushka Could be Dabushka Lady - Appears in many Lady ,65 pictures taken north and south of Elm e
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Photo Photographer Seq.
No. Type Namo G No. No. Photo Shows
Probably took movie of fatal shot
*ilkegend for Type of Photo: M - Movie; P - Still Photo; T - Televie sion Footage: C - Color; L - Black G White
There are 10 other photographers’ sequences in the DCA film in ade
n dition to Martin G Mentesana Ike” Altgens, Associated Press, remembered taking only threc of
the photos he actunlly took in Dealey Ploza. ilc took seven eat the time of ihc motorcade and 21 more after $ PM. The actual roll and frame numbers on the negatives are given, mcs Murray uscd two cameras, one telefoto and one wide angle. Thc rolls os numbered alternate between the two cameras, Rolls 1.3 - Camera l; Rolls 2,4, etc. - Camera 2. However, the indi- vidual photos do not slternate., Camera 2 was used much less fre- quently then Camera l. The photos on Rolls 2,4,6,0, and 10 therefore are interspersed with Rolls 1,3,5,7, and 9 on a more or less random basis. Only the times listed indicate the true sequence. The roll and photo numbers listed are those eppearing on the əctwal films. Oniy rolls ì through 4 sre Listed here. Rolls 5-10 were exposed either on Nov. 23 or later, or the night of Nov. 22 in locetions other than Desley Plaze,
edla
Photo
ejPhotographer Seq. No. Type ^ Nnme G No,
No. Phoin Shows
501 ? Unidentified Appears in Muchmore ì Man, Ob ,
502 ? Unidentified Appears in Martin 3 Man, O?
503 ? Overpass Policeman says he sen somconc On overpass Man, ON taking pictures
504 ? Unidentificd Drennan soys he saw her teking pictures Woman, 69
505 ? Uniġentl fied Apprars in Altgens 1-4 Woman, 70
$0 ? Unidentified Appcers in Murray at iiouston G Elem Han, Ti
507 ? Unidentified Appears in Murrny 1-22, 1-23, 2-5, 2-6 Man, 72 and 2-7 in TSBO doorway
508 ? Grent,73 Not sure he tonk anything - Was in CAN 2
509 ? “Unidentified Took Elm St. photo before motorcade ar- Han, T4 rivegd
510 ? Unidentifled JFK carly in motorcade. Jack Ruby? G Photog,75 stripper? standing on curb
S1 ? Unidentified Man taking movies from upper floor of Del Photog, TO Tex DBìdg. Sorrels tonk possession,
. Sce Sawyer Test, 6l324 512 ? Joe Scott,78 TSDO scenes - KRLO photogrepher
In addition there arc four other Black Star photographers who- took pictures: Gene Daniels, Matt Herron, Shel Hershorn and Mr. Sħulke,
Genc Daniels took a total of 260 black and white., J5 ma still photos during the November 22-24 period. A few of these were taken the afternoon and evening of November 22 end the rest os November 23 and 24. There arc scencs at Dcaley Plaza, TSO, Sheriff's office, Police station, Police press conferences, Oswald's rooming house and room, Oswald's public appearances, and views of Elm St. from Dal Tex Bldg. through telescopic sight.
Their photos are not counted on this list because they were
: 5 not taken on November 22 in Dealey Plaza.
Man with sign saying "S.0.B. Jack Kennedy” is standing on South curb of Elm, facing position of man with umtsella. This photo taken about 1 minute after shots. Could be a signal for suc- cessful hit.
bynderwood end Sanderson shered the same camera, Underwood bor- Towed it from Sanderson shortiy after shots were fired, then Teturned it, It is no! certein which one took what sequences.
Part 3. The Application of _, ` Computers to the Photographic Evidence
Correlation of the Evidence .
It is highly desirable ło apply the powers of the computer to analysis of the evidence. And since "the evidence” i5 a very large order, it makes sense to begin with the "photographic evidence".
Suppose we estimate at 200 the number of frames in an average photograph which is a movie or tele- vision sequence. ln Table 3 (the main list) there is a record of about 44 movie sequences, and 101 television footages, 145 in total. This means that there are over 25,000 frames, plus approximately 350 still photographs, to be analyzed.
Over 200 persons, objects, etc., are mentioned 'brięfly in.the simple short descriptions of the photographs in Table 3. As more photographs are studied, other persons and objects can be identi- fied. The different items need to be identified by codes; a sample of the coding scheme that would be applicable is shown in Table 4.,
The sheer volumo of record keeping for 200 to 300 objects and persons appearing in 25,000 frames requires a computer.’ The analysis of what appears
56
TIPY TIPRPNPEUT PARO pee
in groups and series of photos and frames also re- quires computerized correlation.
How will the information for a photograph be en- tered into a computer? One reasonable way of pro- ceeding is to make a "coding sheet" for each photo- graph, preparatory to giving it to a clerk for in- put into computer language. The coding sheet and
-' instructions will look something like that shown
in Table 5.
Suppose we have put together a computerized data base of the photographic evidence in this form. What will be the sorts of questions which computer programs will enable us to answer? Here are a few
samples: — Which are the pictures that show object ..» or event ... ? — Where was man Z ... from time ... to time e.. ? — When did movable object ... leave the scene?
Essentially, when one is using an ordinary file and not using a computerized data base, the infor~ mation in the file is accessible only by the main sequencing — in this case, the number of the pho- tographer and the number of the picture or movie frame that he took, Cross referencing is possible, but difficult, time-consuming, and clumsy. When one uses a computerized data bank, cross referen- Cing becomes very easy and fast. In fact, it may provide so much more facility in getting at the
: COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970
rammei > a M
' Tabie 4
i COMPUTER CODES FOR PERSONS AND ODJECTS IN THE PHOTOGRAPHS -—- È PRELIM NARY LIST OF CODES
| Poraoni Bulldingg ; W. E. Dornett 102 mnn lunidente) 129 DarDQ place 301 library or church 7 i doy 103 man with sign 130 County Courts 302 old buliding yN ' C. Ureha 104 Lt. Montgomery 132 | County Recorde ’ 303 Parkland Hospital 309 Brennan 105 motorcycle cop 133 Dal-Tex 304 police station J0. : cad driver 106 Negra 1 frame buiidings 305 Texas Theatre 311 i cop 100 Neyro girl 135 house 306 TSIW (Texas School 312 i 2 cops 109 Newmans 136 look Depository) J cops (officers) 110 newsmen (reporters) 137 i couple ni offictals 130 ; Roger Craig 112 oid Negro ' 139 i Craven 113 L., Oswald 140 n Latin men (Moxiosn, Cuban) 114 prople (crowd) 141 Actlona snd Erents ti Lt. Day 115 photographers t42 r Decker 116 Jack Ruby 143 arrest An) interrogating 409 ? fake secret service mon 117 sheriff(s) 144 cerrying 402 interview 410 r fireman 110 J. M. Smith 145 | checking cers 403 leading 41 y L, Florer 119 Sorrols 146 eligblag os lighting cigarette aa ; r 140 crying measuring . ) nargood (orficor) 120 ptrippor 149 dusting for firgerpriats 406 tape recording 4l4 ! Clint HiL 122 Tague 150 gun exam's . 407 telephoning 415 J Lt. Johnson 123 Tippit. 151 head shot 400 waving 416 ; J.F. Kennedy 124 tramps 152 yelling 417 ladica (momon) 125 woman (unident.) 153 B., Lovelady 126 Walthers 154 man arrested 127 Wei gman ! man in shirt sieoves ` 120 whito-haired man 156 Obtecte , . back seat 501 live sħell 522 egio laces biiifold 502 motorcade m23 boxes 503 motorcycile(s) 54 arcade 201 N.W. corner óth floor 218 dullet 504 note pad 525 area whore Oswald's ` 202 TSBD bldg, inside bullet mark 505 paper bag (sack) 120 rille found Oak Cliff 219 camera (cam) , 506 paper or poster 527 bar on Houston St. 203 overpass (triple .220 camera cars ! 507 pickup truck 520 Commerce St. . 205 overpass) . cars 500 police cars . - 529 curd . 206 parking lot 221 cigarette 509 rear bumper - 530 TSGO doorway 207 piloza 222 clock (Herta) 510 rifie 5I east cupola 208 police (waiting room)’ 223 congressionel csr #2 511 sewer outlet 532 Tth floor fire escape 210 railroad tracks 224 Corham siga 512 shadow 533 6th floor window of TSBO 211 residential stroet 225 dash board 513 shot gun(s) 534 . Ft, Worth 212 sheriff's office 226 Dr. Pepper bottle Kl4 shrubbery 535 garage entrance of 213 spot where bullet bit 227 fence a 515 telescopic sight ` 536 Sheriff's building grass (bullet mark) fire engine 3y 516 trees 537 grassy knolł 214 Stemmons Freeway 228 foot 517 umbrella 538 Houston St. 215 steps 229 gun 518 unidentified object(s) 539 Love Field 216 Tower 230 hand 519 white stetion wagon 540 Main St. -217 used car lot 23i J.F.K. car 520 windows S4 : west cupola 232 light gray Jacket 521
available information and answering questions, that it yields a revolutionary increase in what one can deduce.
end in time to cover the period from the moment Kennedy rounded the corner of liouston and Main Sts. up to the beginning of the Zapruder film.
A preliminary correlation of the times of various movie sequences and still photographs is shown in Table 1, for the period of Kennedy's travel through Dealey Plaza. In addition, Jim Murray's photo- graphs form an excellent time reference base at
' Directions, Locations, and Timing
In addition to the content of the photographs as reported in Table 3 five more items of information need to be entered on the computer record of each less than 30 second intervals for nearly an hour frame or still photo: v after the last shot, beginning at three minutes
— the identification of the photographer who after the last shot (see Tahle 1). Tne period from took the photograph; the end of the Zapruder film (roughly ten seconds — the location of the photographer when he after the last shot) up to the first of Murray's took it; photos (about 3 minutes), is covered by several — the direction in which he took the picture; movies and TV sequences. the time when he took the picture Clearly, a human clerk would find it difficult — the identity of the person doing the anal- and tiring to enter the bulk of the applicable in- ysis or submitting data about the picture. formation for each frame of a long sequence., But
The FBI and the Warren Commission staff made a careful analysis of the timing of the frames in the Zəpruder film, and correlated these times with the positions of the presidential limousine and other cars in the motorcade. (See Chart 1). Consequent- ly, there exists an accepted time scale at 1/18 sec-
a computer program should be able to enter a large part of the applicable information into the compute er record for each frame,
The computer should be able to compute and keep records of the timing of all events, in seconds or minutes before or after the time of the first shot.
ond intervals which applies to the events in the ` photographs: the scale consists of eighteenths of
a second (named with frame numbers of the Zapruder
film) during the crucial 6.8 seconds of the fatal
image Enhancement and Correlation
` Another possibility which computer graphics
interval. I was able to extend this reference tech- makes possible ís image enhancement. This is an nique by using four other movies stretched end to activity in which the human eye is expert. For ex- COMPUTERS end AUTOMATION for May, 1970 `` l 57
Prey POUSO O EE T E ROE N E Rp
T. CIT A VORRN ; pp
Table 5
CODING SHEET FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED ANALYSIS
OF PHOTOGRAPHS — PRELIMINARY
| Coding Field | Instructions | Approx. No. of Characters |
|---|---|---|
| As Identification: | ||
| 1. Photograph Number | Use photograph number in main list | 3 |
| 2. Type of photograph | Use M for movie, P for still photo, C for color, B for black and white, T for television footage | 2 |
| 3. Photographer | Use photographer number in main list | 2 |
| 4. Sequence number | Use photograph sequence number in main list | 5 |
| 5. Person who analyzed photograph | Use analyst identifying number according to a previously established key | 2 |
| B. Contents of the Photograph: | ||
| 1. Photographers | (Note: Use photographer number. a picture may of course show other photographers taking pictures.) | 0 to 2 |
| 2. Other persons (in the picture who are not photographers) | Use person code in Table 4 | 0 to 12 |
| 3. Regions or places | Use place code in Table 4 | 3 to 21 |
| 4. Buildings | Use building number in Table 4 | 0 to 7 |
| 5. Events and actions | Use code in Table 4 | 3 to 12 |
| 6. Objects | Use code in Table 4 | 3 to 12 |
| 7. Place of the photograph | Use the grid shown on the map, letter first, then number | 2 |
| 8. Time | Use time code. Previously, adopt a scale of times: fractions of seconds, labeled with Zapruder frame numbers during the Zapruder movie sequence showing the shots; then, seconds, minutes, and hours before and after the Z sequence as may be appropriate; then, days and dates | 8 |
| 9. Capsule summary of photograph | Use 10 to 30 words describing the contents and importance of the photograph, according to specified rules for summarizing and examples | 60 to 200 |
Approximate maximum number of total characters for one computer record: 200 to 300
ample, when a picture is printed in a newspaper it is "screened", i.e., converted into a collection of small dots — some of which are white, some of which are black, — printed in varying intensities, and the human eye looking at the result reassembles the dots into a picture. If you take a magnifying glass, and look at a newspaper picture, the collection of dots becomes completely visible, and you are filled with an appropriate wonder over how the human eye manages to put them together into a picture.
However, if you desire to apply image enhancement with computer graphics, you find yourself with a two-edged sword, in this sense: If you know what you are looking for, then image enhancement can aid you. For example, it is easy to find where a circle is located if you know definitely that a circle is in the picture. But if you do not know what you are looking for, then it is easy to find and see things that are not there. For example, there are "experts" who can make people out of bushes, or make bushes out of people, or see canals on the surface of Mars.
In the case of the photographs taken at the time of the Kennedy assassination, we have, however, a different situation. Suppose that four photographs taken at just the same time show a particular spot on the grassy knoll from almost the same direction: it should be possible to use techniques of image enhancement and correlation, and thus see more clearly exactly what was at that spot. For here we are putting together not the information contained in just one picture, but the information contained in four pictures.
Several photos taken from different angles could also enhance an image in three dimensions. (The puff of smoke, for example).
Objectives of the Computer Search of the Photographic Evidence
What are the sorts of questions that might be answered from a thorough, computerized, search of the photographic evidence? Some of these questions are:
- Can rifles be seen in firing positions?
- Can the faces of the gunmen be seen?
- According to the Warren Report, 56 witnesses (a majority) thought the shots came from a grassy knoll. Some of them saw a "puff of smoke" — do the photographs show a puff of smoke? (At least nine photographs do.)
- Do the photographs show that shots came from the knoll? (Yes.)
- Does the testimony of the witnesses as to what they did, agree with what the cameras showed that they did? (One Dallas police officer testified that after the shots he ran up the grassy knoll. But he is shown in some of the photographs, and he did no such thing — he just leaned against a lamp post.)
- Can gunmen be traced through a series of photos?
- Given a certain object or event in a particular place, which photos should show it during a particular time?
There is no doubt at all that a large number of steps can be taken towards the visual re-creation of that fatal scene, through the study of over 350 still photographs and over 25,000 frames.
The task of computerized analysis of the photographs has been started, but there is a long way to go. A great deal of good detective work should be able to be accomplished through computer record-keeping and analysis of the photographic evidence in the assassination of President Kennedy.
Part 4. Appendices
Acknowledgements and Notices
I wish to express thanks to the following researchers and authors who contributed to the collection and analysis of the photographic evidence and who stimulated me to undertake the work on the photographs: Richard Bornabci, Richard Billings, Lillian Castellano, Bernard Fonsicrwald, Margaret Field, Jim Garrison, Tront Gough, Jonos liarris, David Lifton, Ray Marcus, Sylvia Meagher, Gary Murr, Fred Newcomb, Vincent Salandria, Gary Schoener, Jo-
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970
“wo
em. komo à
sinh Thompson, William Turner, and Harold Weisberg. However, what is said in this article is my respone sibility, not theirs.
Since a large number of details are covered in this nrticle, and since there may occur crrors of omission or commission or incomplete or inadequate analysis of some of the evidence, I would greatly appreciate any comments and corrections any reader may be kind cnough to send me. Al} corrections will bc published nt a later date.
If by accident we have infringed on anyone's copyright in a publication of a picture, we shall be glad to pay thc normal comercial rate for the use of the picture.
If any render of this article desires to ask some specific questions in rogard to the assassina- tions of President John F. Kennedy, or Martin Luther Kingėe Jr., or Senator Robert Kennedy, nbout what has so fnr becn found out by the researchors, Computers nnd Automation will make an effort to provido briof replies to these questions. Please write to Com- puters and Automation, Att'n K, 8i5 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass, 02160; and please enclose a self- addressed stamped envelope for each question, since the questions may be routed to different researchers for the answers. Unlike the Warren Commission, the researchers do not intend to disband immediately after issuing a set of conclusions, and to there- after ignore all questions.
If any reader of Computers and Automation is interested in contributing computer programming or computer time or materials or funds to the investi- gation and efforts of the researchers in the NCTIA, he should write to Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Chair- man, NCTIA, 927 15th St. N.W., Washington, D.C.20005.
A double-size chart (22 inches by 34 inches) of Dealey Plaza showing the events in Dealey Plaza like that here published is available. It may be ordered for $5 from Cutler Designs, 38 Union St., Manchester, Mass., 01944. If you desire the chart unfolded, please specify that it be shipped in a cardboard tube, As additional information becomes available, the large chart will be brought up to date.
Epilogue
When I have talked from time to time to various audiences on this subject and shown them some of the photographs, I have encountered a number of questions., Some of these questions are here dis- cussed,
ə Why is it important to get to the bottom of the assassination of President Kennedy, now, after six and a half years have gone by? — There are several reasons. One is that there is a pattern of assas- sination (with evidence suggesting,conspiracy) of important American leaders; two Kennedys and Martin Luther King, for example. A second reason is to
save America — i.e., the United States as a demo- cratic American society — by exposing the truth, Do you think you can save America? — It can be
done but only with great pain, just as there was great pain over the Dreyfus Affair in France, 1894 to 1906.
e Why are you yourself so concerned about this? — Because I personally believe that the assassination. and its coverup changed the course of United States history írom a positive one to a negative one in a way that no other event or series of events ever has. I believe we must eventually rid our country and our own minds of the terrible social and poli- tical cancer that would allow this to happen and, worse, to permit the truth about the assassination to remain suppressed.
ə Why did not Senator Robert Kennedy do something about this? — It is sad that he did not, for I
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970
think he would have been alive now if he had. There is little evidence for any answer, but there are
two popular theories. One theory is that, even though he knew the truth, he underestimated the forces that stood between him and the presidency òf the United States, and that he assumed that, once President, he could expose the truth. The second theory is that his connections with the Central In- telligence Agency and the failure of an attempt to assassinate Fidel Castro resulted in some anti- Castro Cubans and others participating in organizing his assassination — some of the same people who
had participated ia the assassination of his brothe er, I do not know why Senator Robert Kennedy re- mained silent; why Senator Edward Kennedy remains silent; and why they have both suppressed the autop- sy materials on President John F. Kennedy.
ə Do you think District Attorney Jim Garrison is n madman or n fool or insan? — No. I think that he is absolutely sanc, nnd onc of the old-style Americnns left, and that he has a grenat deal of courage. He also suffered from underestimating the strength of the forces ranged against him. In ad- dition, the CIA penetrated his case against Clay Shaw; they were even paying the lawyers of some of the people he arrested or attempted to subpoena. , He said, "You can't conduct a trial of a CIA-backed conspiracy in an ordinary U.S. court."
è Why did the national news media cooperate in the attack on Garrison's credibility? — This question is hard to answer in a shori, space, For much light on this important subject, I refer you to Mark Lane's book, A Citizen's Dissent, now in paperback.
è Are you telling me that men as distinguished as Chief Justice Earl Warren, John J. McCloy, Allen Dulles, Gerald Ford, und others on the Warren Com- mission can be wrong about their conclusion ex- pressed in the Warren Commission Report? — Yes.
If you want to know how and why, read the book In- quest by Edward J. Epstein, which is a valuable cone tribution. But Epstein was paid several tens of thousands of dollars (perhaps indirectly from gov- ernment sources) for the article that he published in the New Yorker magazine attacking Garrison, and that article contains over 100 misstatements. Re- cently, one of the Warren Commissioners, Senator Richard Russell, ha“ said publicly that he has , doubts about some of their conclusions, Also Jesse Curry, Dallas police chief in November 1963, has said publicly the same thing.
e Did Lyndon B. Johnson know about the plans for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas before it happened? —- So far no šubstantial evidence has been found to show that he did.
Did J, Edgar Hoover know about the plans for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas = before it happened? — There is conclusive evidence that J. Edgar Hoover knew, and issued no warnings.
© What can be done?
l. One of the things that. anyone can do is to read up on this subject, become informed, and talk to his friends.
2. Another thing that may be possible is to organize in a year or two an untainted Con- gressional committee of investigation, : which will look into political assassina- tions in the United States.
3. It wouľd be good to persuade President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order to release the classified documents buried in the National Archives for 75 years (by President Lyndon Johnson's executive order),
. along with the Kennedy autopsy materials.,
4. It would be good to dismantle the Central , Intelligence Agency — which President ' : Kennedy before he was assassinated said he
meee eaea e ee e
359
TROTE
X
8 | Sa ` -o -> woul ` >e to do — and distribute its | Epstein, Edward J. / Inquest: The warren Commis- functions clsewherce, and in the meantime i sion and the Establishment of ruth / Viking make ìt accountable for budgetary funds : Press, New, York, M.Y, / 1900, hardbound, 224 ppe voted ‘by Congress. ` $3.00 5. It woulu be good to expose J. Edgar loover, Flnmmande, Paris / The Kennedy Conspiracy: An Un- to call the attention of the public to hig commissioned Report on thr Jim Garrison'Investi- , suppression of evidence and his failure to gation / Meredith Press, New York, N.Y. / 1909, warn Presldent Kennedy of the plot for as- hardbound, 940 pp, $6.95 . sassinating him in Dallas, and to compel Hepburn, James / Farewell America / Frontiers Pub- EA! his resignation. The FBI knew about the lishing Co., Vaduz (Liechtenstein) / 1960, hard- | plot well ahead of time — through Oswald's bound, 410 pr, $6.95 \ Nov, 20 phone call, and the Mlam! police's Jocsten, Joachim / Oswald: Assassin or Fall Guy? / i | warning, at least. ' Marzani G Munsell Publishers, Inc., New York, N.Y. } è What about an organization dealing with this sub- ' / 1964, hardbound, 170 pp, $3.95 | \ Ject? — There is one, Às mentioned above, a con- ~ Joesten, Jonchim / ilow Kennedy was Killed: The Full tà | Bidaornhla amòunt of the fġw evidġnco comes From the Appalling Story / Putur Dawnny, Londoh, ingilunu / aoo I! work of a group of rescarchers, who have interviewed 1900 7 | many witnesses, exnmined many documents, and studied Jocsten, Joachim / Marina Oswald / Peter Dawnay j many of the photographs. This group of rescarchers London, England / 1967, hardbound, 165 pp, $2.50 ! i is loosely coordinated by the National Committee to Jones, Penn, Jr. / Forgive My Grief I / The Midloe i S Investigate Assassinations, which has an office in | thian Mirror, Inc., Midlothian, Texas / 19606, | Washington, D.C., and whose chairman is Bernard softbound, 160 pp, $2.95 i Fensterwald, Jr. We is a Washington attorney who Jones, Penn, Jr. / Forgive My Grief II / The Mid- : a few ycars ago was the head of the legal staff as- lothian Mirror, Inc., Midlothian, Texas / 1967, i sisting Senator Estes Kefauver in his investigation softbound, 192 pp, $3.00 $ into organized crime. le was also Senator Edward Jones, Penn, Jr. / Forgive My Grief III / The Mid- | Long's attorney in the administrative procedures lothian Mirror, Inc., Midlothian, Texas / 1969, $ ‘sub-committee of the Government Operations Commit- ` softbound, 88 pp, $? | ı tee. The NCTIA has been accumulating evidence, Kelly, Fred C. / The_Wright Brothers / Ballantine | - which is stored in a number of different places, Books, New York, N.Y. ? 19350, softbound, 214 pp, i and stands ready to cooperate with law enforcement $0.35 5 agencies as well as Congress. The committee needs —— . Lanc, Mark / A Citizen's Dissent / Fawcett Publica- i money, particularly for computerized correlation tions, Inc., Greenwich, Conn. / 1969, softbound, i of the mass of evidence it has accumulated. The . 320 pp, $0.95 j name and address are The National Committee to In- .- Lane, Mark / Rush to Judgment / Holt, Rinehert and i ; vestigate Assassinations, 927 l5th St. N.W., Wash- winston, New York, N.Y. 1966, hardbound, 478 i ` ington, D.C. pp. $5.95 | e What about the mysterious deaths of witnesses? Marcus, Raymond / The Bastard Bullet:/ Rendell Pub- i i = One of the researchers who is a member of the a lications, 1249 High Point St., Los Angelese x j, Committee is Pean Jones, Jr., Editor, Midlothian Calif. / 1960 } ¿° Mirror, Midlothian, Texas, who has been compiling Meagher, Sylvia / Accessories After the Faci: The 7 i and publishing evidence for over six years. He Warren Commission, the Authorities, and the Report í ! maintains a list of witnesses who "knew too much" / Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc., New York, N.Y. / 1967, ) l and who have died unexplained deaths. There have hardbound, 477. pp, $8.50 ` / been over 50 deaths among this group (according to . Meagher, Sylvia / Subject Index to the Warren Re- |, / ' his definition of it) in the time since November - port, and Hearings and Exhibits / Scarecrow Press, ao y 22, 1963; the Chance that that number of deaths is , New York, N.Y. / 1966 - due to natural causes is much less than one out of Thompson, Josiah / Six Seconds in Dallas / Dernard r a million millions. : Geis Associates, New York, N.Y. / 1907, hard- v e ilave any of the researchers been killed or ; bound, 323 pp, $8.95 ` threatened? — No, not yet. In appraising the Sauvage, Leo / The Oswald Affair: An Examination forces on cach side of this issue, the great weight . of the Contradictions and Omissions of the Warren ' is still on the side of the American people, who . Report / Worid Publishing Co., Cleveland, Ohio / have not yet been completely "taken over", In fact 1966 the capacity of the American people to deal with Weisberg, Harold / Whitewash — The Report on the the misinformation and propaganda being told them Warren Report / H. Weisberg, Route 8, Frederick, through government publicity, government state- Md. 1965, softbound, 224 pp, $4.95 ) ments, and government commissions seems to be steade ’' Weisberg, Harold / Photographic Whitewash — Sup- ily improving. The most recent examples are Songmy, pressed Kennedy Assassination Pictures / H. Weis- Pueblo, Laos, and Cambodia. Besides some branches berg, Route 8, Frederick, Md. / 1967, softbound, of the Federal government such as the CIA and FBI, 296 pp, $4.95 t only some of the police departments of the country Wise, David / "Secret Evidence on the Kennedy Assas- : (such as Dallas, Memphis, Chicago, and Los Angeles) sination”, in the Saturday Evening Post, April 6, have so far been "taken over" (in the sense of full 1968, pp 70 to 73 / He said: “10 feet, or approx- r cooperation with the suppression of evidence about imately 25,000 pages of Warren Commission files i , assassination plotters and other political plots). remain closed»... A l85-page List of Basic Source ' There is a good chance that these police departments Materials gives the titles of 1555 Commission r can be "taken back", provided we the people can see Documents of which 390 are closed or partially more clearly what is happening. There is hope. . , closed. Of the 250 totally closed, 165 are FBI =, . i reports, 50 are CIA, 13 are State Department, 11 : Bibliography :are Secret Service, and the rest are from a scat- ` tering of other agencies.” Buchanan, Thomas F / Who Killed Kennedy? / G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, N.Y. / 1964 Cutler, R.B. / The Flight of CE 399: _Evidence of A longer bibliography is available from the Nat- Conspiracy / R. B. Cutler, Manchester, Ma88. / ` ional Committee to Investigate Assassinations, 927 1969, softbound, 73 pp, $? ` l5th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. } . 60 o COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for May, 1970
